Acute Aluminum Sulfate Triggers Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Inducing Tissue Damage in the Kidney of the Chick.

Abstract

In this study, a total of 20 7-day-old chicks were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was administered aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) once by gavage, and the control group was sacrificed after 24 h of fasting with distilled water. Serum and kidney tissue samples from both groups were collected and compared using hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) and microscopy. The Paller scores increased (p < 0.01) for biochemical kidney function, redox-related indicators, and mRNA expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) downstream related genes. The results showed that in the kidneys of the experimental group, renal tubular epithelial cells appeared to swell, and there was necrosis and shedding; the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid (UA) decreased, serum creatinine (CREA) increased; nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased; NO synthase (NOS), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities increased; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1), tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF -R2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expression levels increased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); Nrf2, glutathione S-transferase A3 (GSTA3), glutathione-S-transferase mu-1 (GSTM1), glutathione synthetase (GSS), glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC and GCLM), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA expression levels decreased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) compared to the control group. Acute aluminum poisoning can cause obvious pathological changes in the structure of the kidney tissue of the chick, resulting in damage to the kidney function, as well as triggering inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney.

• Authors: Bo Chen, Lina Chen, Zhiqing Yang, Qiang Fu, Xinran Li, Changyu Cao
• Journal: Biological trace element research (Biol Trace Elem Res) Vol. 201 Issue 3 Pg. 1442-1450 (Mar 2023) ISSN: 1559-0720 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 35551605 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Chemical References

• Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1
• aluminum sulfate
• NF-E2-Related Factor 2
• Glutathione
• RNA, Messenger

Topics

• Humans
• Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (metabolism)
• NF-E2-Related Factor 2 (genetics, metabolism)
• Oxidative Stress
• Kidney (metabolism)
• Inflammation (chemically induced, metabolism)
• Glutathione (metabolism)
• RNA, Messenger (metabolism)