Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

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Networked: 25417 relevant articles (814 outcomes, 3103 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Gladwin, Mark T: 60 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Dehpour, Ahmad Reza: 42 articles (01/2016 - 01/2002)
3.	Barnes, Peter J: 36 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Keefer, Larry K: 33 articles (08/2015 - 04/2003)
5.	Bloch, Kenneth D: 31 articles (10/2015 - 04/2002)
6.	Tanus-Santos, Jose E: 30 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
7.	Saavedra, Joseph E: 29 articles (08/2015 - 04/2003)
8.	Felipo, Vicente: 27 articles (09/2015 - 02/2002)
9.	Kato, Gregory J: 26 articles (03/2015 - 01/2005)
10.	Anstey, Nicholas M: 26 articles (03/2015 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Pulmonary Hypertension (Ayerza Syndrome) 03/01/2003 - "Pulsed administration of nitric oxide has proven effective in relieving pulmonary hypertension and in improving oxygenation. " 09/01/1997 - "Recently it has been shown that inhaled nitric oxide (NO), which has been proven to contribute to improvement in critical pulmonary hypertension, may provide a favorable effect early after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. " 11/01/1999 - "Nitric oxide may be beneficial for patients with ACS because of its ability to ameliorate pulmonary hypertension and ventilation/perfusion mismatch. " 01/01/2012 - "Inhaled nitric oxide is effective in those with pulmonary hypertension, and other adjunctive therapies, including surfactant administration and lung lavage, should be considered in selected cases. " 06/01/2008 - "In our setting, both drugs were effective in treating moderate persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate but nitric oxide (NO) treatment resulted in much faster amelioration of oxygenation index, taken as a marker of the underlying condition. "
2.	Reperfusion Injury 01/01/2003 - "These findings support the role of nitric oxide as an important mediator in the protection against skin flap ischemia/reperfusion injury." 05/01/2004 - "Nitric oxide has been reported to be beneficial in preserving muscle viability following ischemia-reperfusion injury. " 04/15/1999 - "Thus, our results suggest that supplement of nitric oxide during reperfusion is effective in attenuating exocrine microvascular reperfusion injury." 10/01/2015 - "Nitric oxide was shown to have protective effects on ischemia/reperfusion injury. " 07/27/2014 - "Mechanisms of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and protective effects of nitric oxide."
3.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 06/01/2008 - "The utility of measurements of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) will likely depend on context, being most helpful in moderate and severe asthma, rather than mild asthmatics and community based studies. " 07/01/2010 - "Enumeration of sputum eosinophils is very useful in guiding changes in controller medication to decrease asthma exacerbations, whereas measurement of exhaled nitric oxide has not proven to be useful in this regard. " 02/01/2008 - "Measurements of exhaled nitric oxide have the potential to be useful in the management of allergic asthma and the answers to a number of important questions are awaited." 05/01/2015 - "For physicians to be maximally effective in managing asthma in minority populations, a better understanding of the factors that affect fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements in African Americans is needed. " 01/01/2013 - "Compared to the daily ICS group, the intermittent ICS group displayed a smaller improvement in change from baseline peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) by 2.56% (95% CI -4.49% to -0.63%), fewer symptom-free days (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.15 (95% CI -0.28 to -0.03), fewer asthma control days -9% (95% CI -14% to -4%), more use of rescue β2-agonists by 0.12 puffs/day (95% CI 0 to 0.23) and a greater increase from baseline in exhaled nitric oxide of 16.80 parts per billion (95% CI 11.95 to 21.64). "
4.	Inflammation 06/01/2015 - "Previous studies have proven organ-protective effects of inorganic nitrite, a precursor of nitric oxide (NO), in conditions manifested by oxidative stress and inflammation. " 10/01/2014 - "Among the pleotropic effects of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) is protection against vascular inflammation during high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. " 03/01/2008 - "The body of published work on the role of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in the study of bronchial inflammation allows it to be classed as a simple, non-invasive measurement that is very useful in evaluating asthmatic patients. " 07/15/2001 - "Different authors have postulated both toxic and protective effects of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathophysiology of active inflammation. " 04/01/2000 - "Different authors have postulated both toxic and protective effects for nitric oxide (NO) in the pathophysiology of active inflammation. "
5.	Infection 11/01/2010 - "Macrophage-derived nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in protection against microbial infection in immune responses. " 01/01/2011 - "Besides augmenting the humoral and cell-mediated immune response, it induced macrophage phagocytosis and stimulated cytokine-induced macrophage activation and nitric oxide (NO) production, which resulted in a high degree of protection against Candida albicans and Salmonella typhimurium infections. " 07/01/2000 - "Plasma nitric oxide (NO) metabolite concentrations were significantly greater in patients with KD than in those with acute infection or in healthy controls (P < 0.001 for both). " 06/01/1997 - "These results suggest that activation of macrophages with IFN-gamma before or after infection may direct the course of the infection and that nitric oxide may be detrimental more than beneficial for MAC-infected macrophages." 10/01/2009 - "Antimicrobial and healing efficacy of sustained release nitric oxide nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus skin infection."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Nitric Oxide Synthase (NO Synthase)
2.	Arginine (L-Arginine)
3.	Cytokines
4.	Oxygen
5.	Epoprostenol (Prostacyclin)
6.	NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME)
7.	Glutathione (Reduced Glutathione)
8.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
9.	Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase)
10.	Nitroglycerin (Dynamite)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Oral Administration
4.	Lasers (Laser)
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)