Inflammation

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Also Known As:

Networked: 139109 relevant articles (5678 outcomes, 14179 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)
3.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
4.	Infection
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Cuzzocrea, Salvatore: 183 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Mazzon, Emanuela: 122 articles (09/2015 - 01/2002)
3.	Serhan, Charles N: 116 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Di Paola, Rosanna: 108 articles (12/2015 - 05/2002)
5.	Stenvinkel, Peter: 98 articles (01/2016 - 01/2002)
6.	Aukrust, Pål: 97 articles (12/2015 - 02/2002)
7.	Barnes, Peter J: 86 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
8.	Zhang, Wei: 86 articles (11/2015 - 04/2002)
9.	Romero, Roberto: 85 articles (02/2016 - 06/2002)
10.	Lindholm, Bengt: 84 articles (01/2016 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Inflammation:

1.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 08/01/2013 - "In contrast, adenoviral-mediated hepatic IRF9 overexpression in both diet-induced and genetically (ob/ob) obese mice showed markedly improved hepatic insulin sensitivity and attenuated hepatic steatosis and inflammation. " 07/06/2012 - "MSDC-0602 treatment markedly improved several measures of multiorgan insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue inflammation, and hepatic metabolic derangements, including suppressing hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. " 07/01/2012 - "The improvement in insulin sensitivity in the high-fat diet-fed (HFD-fed) Gpr21 KO mouse was traced to a marked reduction in tissue inflammation caused by decreased chemotaxis of Gpr21 KO macrophages into adipose tissue and liver. " 01/01/2007 - "Pancreatic preservation is an important part of diabetes management that may occur with improved peripheral insulin sensitivity and attenuated low-grade adipose tissue inflammation. " 12/05/2003 - "Whether better management of chronic inflammation can improve insulin action is an important area of investigation. "
2.	CytokinesIBA 12/01/2011 - "We also found significantly reduced apoptosis, expression of GFAP, NF-κB, p-IKappaB and iba1, increased number of CD4 positive T cells and MMP2 expression and reduced neurological dysfunction in lpr mice when compared with Wt mice after SCI. We found dramatically reduced inflammation and cytokines and chemokine expression in B6.MRL-Fas-lpr mice compared to Wt mice after SCI. In conclusion, we report multiple lines of evidence that Fas/FasL activation plays a pivotal role in mediating apoptosis, the inflammatory response and neurodegeneration after SCI, providing a compelling rationale for therapeutically targeting Fas in human SCI." 04/01/2008 - "The remarkable sensitivity of mebrofenin excretion to cytokines suggests that Tc-mebrofenin imaging will be helpful for assessing cytokine-mediated liver inflammation." 03/15/2001 - "Absence of significant changes in most of proinflammatory cytokines studied confirmed that SIRT is a reasonably safe and well-tolerated treatment with minimal side-effect from the point of view of cytokine-related inflammation. " 10/01/2009 - "Recent studies suggest that treatment with statins is associated with a significant and marked decrease in inflammation-associated variables such as cytokines. " 06/01/2008 - "Several cytokines could be identified as important regulators of the immune system during induction, progression and remission of ocular inflammation in animal models. "
3.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 10/01/2010 - "The apple oligogalactan (AOG) was highly effective against intestinal toxicities and carcinogenesis and decreased the elevated levels of TLR4 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced by inflammation in vivo in this model system. " 12/01/2007 - "These developments include the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the inflammatory changes in the sacroiliac joint and the axial spine, and the demonstration that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocking agents are highly efficacious in reducing spinal inflammation and possibly in slowing radiographic progression. " 02/01/2007 - "These developments include the use of magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the inflammatory changes in the sacroiliac joint and the axial spine, and the demonstration that tumor necrosis factor blocking agents are highly efficacious in reducing spinal inflammation and possibly in slowing radiographic progression. " 07/01/2010 - "Considering the important role of transmembrane TNF-alpha in granulomatous inflammation, reviewing the biology of transmembrane TNF-alpha and its interaction with anti-TNF agents will contribute to understanding the bases of differential clinical efficacy of these promising treatment modalities." 01/01/2009 - "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a central regulator of inflammation, and TNF-alpha antagonists may be effective in treating inflammatory disorders in which TNF-alpha plays an important pathogenetic role. "
4.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 06/01/2009 - "Finally, indications suggest that the increased risk associated with inflammation may be modified with certain preventive therapies and biomarkers may help to identify the individuals who would benefit most from these interventions." 05/01/2007 - "Moreover, several studies in different species have shown that limited energy intake is associated with less inflammation, improved biomarkers of health and a marked increase in longevity. " 01/01/2014 - "Biological markers of MetS and inflammation as well as RV GLS (-21.8 ± 3.8 vs -24.3 ± 3.0%, P = 0.009) and systolic (P = 0.003) and early diastolic (P = 0.01) SR, but not TDI indexes, significantly improved after diet and exercise training, and vector velocity imaging data in MetS following the lifestyle intervention no longer differed from controls. " 01/01/2013 - "There was a significant improvement in biomarkers of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation compared with baseline and placebo. " 01/01/2011 - "Inclusion of multiple inflammation-related biomarkers into a basic model and into a model including cardiometabolic risk factors significantly improved the prediction of type 2 diabetes and coronary events, although the improvement was less pronounced for the latter endpoint."
5.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 05/12/2009 - "Corticosteroids are highly effective in suppressing allergic inflammation, but their effects on GATA-3 are unknown. " 05/01/2001 - "While corticosteroids have proved most effective in modifying airway inflammation, the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on increased airway mucosal vascularity in asthmatics has been little studied. " 01/01/2000 - "Corticosteroids act nonspecifically, but are highly effective in controlling the inflammation rapidly. " 05/01/1998 - "Corticosteroids have proven to be most effective in modifying airway inflammation. " 01/01/2010 - "Treatment with topical and oral corticosteroids resulted in marked improvement of the corneal infiltrate and resolution of the auricular inflammation. "
6.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2013 - "Corresponding with these changes was a marked reduction in AT-specific inflammation, as well as overall improvement in systemic glucose, lipid, and inflammatory homeostasis. " 09/01/2015 - "This study compared short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in terms of improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, markers of inflammation, and glucose control in previously inactive adults at elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes. " 04/01/2015 - "Our results demonstrated that GA improved high-glucose-caused low-grade vascular inflammation, which might be achieved through regulating the STAT3-mediated pathway. " 09/01/2014 - "Therefore, imaging glucose metabolism by the means of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) holds significant promise in imaging focal inflammation. " 01/01/2012 - "High-fat diet-fed ad-12/15-LO exhibited improved fasting glucose levels and glucose metabolism, and epididymal adipose tissue from these mice exhibited reduced inflammation and macrophage infiltration compared to wild-type mice. "
7.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 11/19/1999 - "The bioactivity of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was found to be dramatically reduced in fluids from sites of inflammation. " 06/01/2007 - "Increased vascular inflammation, including enhanced expression of interleukin- 6 (IL-6), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP- 1) are observed, as is a marked decrease in NO bioavailability. " 03/01/2012 - "The inflammation and oxidative stress parameters IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, and ROS decreased significantly in arm 1, while no significant change was observed in arm 2. The combined treatment improved both immunometabolic alterations and patient QoL. " 01/01/2010 - "There was significantly greater IL-6 immunoreactivity in biopsies with confirmed histologic inflammation (p = 0.004). " 08/01/2009 - "All responses were induced rapidly, independently of signals from other cells, and closely mimicked the pro-inflammatory and protective effects of inflammation modulators LPS in KC and IL-6 in HC. "
8.	Interleukin-10 (Interleukin 10)IBA 01/01/2014 - "The use of a genetically engineered food-grade bacterium, such as Lactococcus lactis, secreting the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 has been proven by many pre-clinical studies to be a successful therapy to treat colon inflammation. " 04/01/1998 - "Treatment with IL-10 resulted in a marked improvement in intestinal inflammation. " 02/01/2008 - "Treatment with allergen-modified-DC suppressed airway inflammation and Th2 responses, and increased IL-10 and IFN-gamma production and Foxp3(+) Tregs significantly; and eliminated the responses of CD4(+) T cells to allergen. " 01/01/2002 - "Fact, that IL-10 is produced by Th1 and that inhibits cytokine production by Th2 lymphocytes has led to the concept that IL-10 might be beneficial in mitigating allergic inflammation. " 10/01/1999 - "In conclusion, reducing the inflammatory response to SCI by systemic administration of IL-10 resulted in a significant reduction in neuronal damage, suggesting that targeting injury-induced inflammation may be an effective treatment strategy for acute SCI."
9.	C-Reactive ProteinIBA 12/01/2009 - "The inclusion of the C-reactive protein (CRP) inflammation marker into the model highly improved the power of death prediction. " 05/01/1997 - "The level of C-reactive protein (CRP), currently the best quantitative parameter of inflammation, was used as the gold standard. " 07/01/2011 - "Owing to the increased prevalence of inflammation in patients with CKD and the potent effect of statins in individuals with elevated levels of C-reactive protein, these drugs should be especially effective in patients with CKD. " 01/01/2015 - "Whey supplementation is beneficial for human health, possibly by reducing the circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) level, a sensitive marker of inflammation. " 07/01/2014 - "Moreover, LCM was significantly greater in patients with higher systemic inflammation according to elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). "
10.	AntigensIBA 05/22/2002 - "uberis (6 x His)GapC or CAMP-3 resulted in a significant reduction in inflammation on several days post-challenge, most significantly for the former antigen. " 12/01/1999 - "Such insights will be extremely beneficial in the development of novel approaches to the control of IBD-type inflammation, such as the use of anticytokine therapies and gene therapy, and finally, in the identification of the genetic abnormalities and the antigens driving the inflammation that underlies the human disease." 05/10/2001 - "Rapid clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages is important to inhibit inflammation and autoimmune responses against intracellular antigens. " 01/23/2012 - "Biomarker profiling demonstrated that the CFA/SAM at 0.1mg CFA/kg was equipotent to CFA at 1.0mg/kg in ameliorating antigen-induced airway inflammation, suggesting the better pharmacological effect of CFA/SAM due to improved dissolution behavior. " 01/01/1977 - "The inhibition of the secondary reaction was greater than the decrease of the primary inflammation and was more effective when the first two periods (sensitization to antigen and production of immunocompetent cells) were blocked. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant) 10/01/2009 - "There was a marked reduction in graft inflammation and injury and significantly improved 7-day survival in CR2-Crry-treated recipients of either lean or steatotic grafts. " 02/01/1990 - "The transplant showed excellent adaptation and the periapical inflammation noticed a few years after the operation was treated successfully with apicectomy." 01/01/2013 - "DTPM showed a significant reduction of cortical perfusion in the transplant renal cortex related to peritubular capillary inflammation." 01/01/2003 - "By contrast, the Ad-therapy group II showed less inflammation and improved graft histology and function if compared with the groups I and III. Moreover, significantly less infiltrating ED-1(+) macrophages and an improved histologic score even if compared with untreated controls (IV) was observed. " 01/01/2015 - "The child had a sustained remission of febrile attacks and inflammation after transplant, and during a 5-year follow-up period, psychomotor and neurologic development were normal, without signs of underlying disease or late transplant-related effects. "
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 07/01/2014 - "Animals that had sterile inflammation after transplantation (group 3) had significantly improved lymphatic function (>2-fold increase) on lympho scintigraphy, increased perinodal lymphangiogenesis, and functional lymphatics compared with the groups with no inflammation and inflammation before transplantation (p<0.01). " 03/01/2014 - "In summary, xenogenic transplantation of human SVF did not induce systemic inflammation and successfully improved erectile function in diabetic mice through enhanced penile angiogenesis and neural regeneration. " 10/01/2015 - "In conclusion, transplantation of cADMSCs + chABC was more effective in improving clinical signs and neural regeneration, but a strategy for anti-inflammation after the treatment for chronic SCI would be needed for further improvement. " 03/01/2015 - "The results indicate that BMSCs transplantation combined with USW radiation is more effective than either treatment alone in promoting functional recovery after SCI, possibly due to concomitant suppression of inflammation and spinal cord repair." 04/01/2008 - "Interestingly, whereas three-time application of MSC-CM was partially effective, transplantation of MSC achieved a better outcome in suppressing corneal inflammation. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2013 - "LP inflammation was significantly reduced by 1 week after therapy, with a marked decrease in activated lymphocytes and eosinophils, and completely returned to control levels by week 3. Apoptosis fell below the diagnostic threshold for rejection (<6 AB/10 crypts) by week 2 and was equivalent to control biopsies at week 3. Knowledge of the sequence of the resolution of the histologic features of ACR after treatment may provide useful information to pathologists evaluating follow-up biopsies. " 07/28/2001 - "Remission of ocular inflammation was evident within the first 24 h, and complete suppression was seen 7 days after treatment in all patients. " 03/01/2007 - "Interestingly, a significant reduction in B cell numbers at sites of inflammation was observed 4 weeks after treatment (median 26 cells/mm(2) [interquartile range 4-150] before treatment and 11 cells/mm(2) [interquartile range 0-29] after treatment; P < 0.02). " 05/01/2014 - "Eighty percent of patients with grade 0 inflammation, 73% of patients with grade I inflammation, and 92.3% of patients with grade II inflammation showed improvement of LUTS after treatment. " 08/01/2007 - "Ocular inflammation resolved and visual acuity improved in all patients after treatment. "
4.	Oral Administration 10/01/2013 - "Oral administration of a surrogate antibody specific for mouse TNF is effective in treating mouse models of IBD, delivering the anti-TNF to the site of inflammation with minimal systemic exposure." 03/05/2015 - "In conclusion, the oral administration of BARD in HFD mice prevented fat deposition, inflammation and oxidative stress, and improved sympathetic activity in visceral fat. " 04/01/2012 - "Oral administration of Genz-529468 or NB-DNJ to NPC mice improved their motor function, reduced CNS inflammation, and increased their longevity. " 02/01/2015 - "The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the oral administration of a bacterial product with known immunomodulatory properties on inflammation-driven colorectal neoplasmatogenesis. " 01/01/2013 - "This study provides new evidence that oral administration of transgenic milk containing the Dp2 allergen down-regulated and moderately protected against allergic airway inflammation. "
5.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2015 - "The exception was a significantly greater reduction in gingival inflammation in the laser treated group. " 03/01/1996 - "Three and 12 months after laser turbinectomy, we found a significant improvement of nasal flow (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and resistance (p < 0.1 and p < 0.01, respectively) with a tendency towards airway blockage in the long-term follow-up, but no changes in mediator levels of nasal lavages after allergen provocation, suggesting that laser turbinectomy has no effects on local allergic inflammation." 07/01/1995 - "Three and twelve months after laser turbinectomy, we found a significant improvement of nasal flow (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) and resistance (p < 0.01, p < 0.01) but no change of mediator levels in nasal lavage after allergen provocation, suggesting that laser turbinectomy has no effects on local allergic inflammation." 01/01/1994 - "The authors point to high efficacy of low-intensity He-Ne laser in moderate rheumatoid inflammation." 05/01/2003 - "Laser treatment of a subretinal exudate was helpful for the resolution of serous detachment and the prompt improvement of visual acuity, whereas systemic steroid therapy was effective for choroidal inflammation. "