Messenger RNA (mRNA)

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

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Networked: 72161 relevant articles (1097 outcomes, 7031 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Wang, Wei: 120 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Zhang, Wei: 110 articles (01/2016 - 06/2003)
3.	Katoh, Masaru: 84 articles (12/2012 - 01/2002)
4.	Friess, Helmut: 81 articles (07/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	Li, Li: 80 articles (01/2016 - 04/2002)
6.	Zhang, Y: 74 articles (08/2015 - 01/2000)
7.	Li, Yan: 69 articles (11/2015 - 05/2003)
8.	Li, Jun: 66 articles (01/2016 - 11/2002)
9.	Zhang, Jing: 66 articles (11/2015 - 04/2002)
10.	Wang, Yan: 64 articles (09/2015 - 01/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 03/01/2010 - "Significant reduction of AKR1B10 mRNA level was detected in the most of tumor samples (88%, 65/74) even at the early stages of malignancy, and in more than 60% of cases this downregulation was much higher than 10 folds. " 03/01/2006 - "Although the NORE1A mRNA levels of the majority of the tumors were similar to those in the normal controls, the cases harboring a PAX8-PPARgamma translocation (n = 6) exhibited dramatically reduced NORE1A expression (P < 0.001). " 05/01/2002 - "Of 182 unifocal primary HCCs, ANXA10 mRNA was dramatically reduced in 121 (66%), and the down-regulation correlated with p53 mutation (P = 0.024), early intrahepatic tumor recurrence (P = 0.0007), and lower 4-year survival (P = 0.0014). " 03/01/2000 - "These results suggest that the use of a c-myc mRNA cleaving enzyme could be most effective in tumor cells that are highly proliferative and constitutively express high levels of c-myc." 09/15/1997 - "Interestingly, purified T and B cells isolated from immunocompromised tumor-bearing mice displayed a marked decrease in the transcription activators STAT5a and -b at the protein level and to a lesser extent at the mRNA level. "
2.	Infection 05/16/2003 - "Thus, M1GS ribozyme is highly effective in inhibiting HCMV growth by targeting the PR mRNA and may represent a novel class of general gene-targeting agents for the studies and treatment of infections caused by human viruses, including HCMV." 05/01/2007 - "When CD83 surface expression was inhibited by interference with the messenger RNA export or by infection with certain viruses, DCs showed a dramatically reduced capability to induce T cell proliferation. " 07/30/2002 - "Our results showed that infection of MCF-7 cells with the adenovirus carrying a ribozyme targeted against the M6P/IGF2R mRNA dramatically reduced the level of transcripts and the functional activity of M6P/IGF2R in these cells. " 05/01/2012 - "Meanwhile, in group B, DQB1 mRNA expression displayed a sharp increase from day 0 to day 7 post-infection (P = 0.000), which thereafter showed a marked decrease until day 30 post-infection, and experienced a plateau from day 30 to day 60 post-infection, remaining at or above that on day 0. " 01/01/2010 - "Infection of lentivirus expressing CypD RNAi sequence produces a significant reduction of CypD at both mRNA and protein levels. "
3.	Inflammation 02/01/2006 - "The combination of topical treatment of NaB and 5-ASA was effective for relieving and repairing colonic inflammation and the effects were related to stimulation of TFF3 mRNA expression and down-regulation of IL1beta production and NFkappaB expression." 06/01/2000 - "NOSII mRNA expression decreases in asthmatics receiving inhaled corticosteroid, treatment effective in reducing inflammation in asthmatic airways. " 06/01/2008 - "BUD and DXM can up-regulate the expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA, thus providing protective effects against the airway inflammation in asthmatic rats." 06/01/2014 - "The results indicate that pre-treatment with KGF-2 showed dramatic improvement in lung oedema and inflammation compared with HVZP alone, together with increased surfactant protein mRNA and alveolar type II cells. " 03/14/2008 - "Increased expression of Fox P3 mRNA was found in all five patients who responded to cytapheresis with remission of clinical symptoms, mucosal inflammation and cutaneous lesions, and an increased frequency of circulating Tregs was found in four patients. "
4.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 08/01/2000 - "Marked changes in the CAIII levels of liver cytosol were observed in rats following doses of PenCB ranging from 0.5 to 25 mg/kg body weight and maximum suppression was observed at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Northern analysis revealed that the level of CAIII mRNA in rat liver was dramatically reduced by PenCB treatment while only weak suppression was observed in pair-fed controls. " 06/01/2008 - "Since pair feeding of the high-fat diet eliminated both the body weight and CART mRNA differences between the DIO and DR mice, it is likely that their alterations in gene expression were a consequence of their dissimilar body weight levels." 08/01/2000 - "However, there was no difference in muscle UCP3/actin mRNA ratios between DIO animals and DR animals that had been fed the HE diet for 10 weeks and then returned to either an ad libitum chow diet for 10 weeks (DIO = 13.8 +/- 3.53, DR = 11.1 +/- 3.43, p = NS) or to a restricted chow diet for 10 weeks (DIO = 11.0 +/- 2.85, DR = 10.6 +/- 2.20, p = NS) despite significantly greater body weight of the DIO animals. " 08/02/2015 - "An in vivo study showed that GGH(4) decreased body weight gain, adipose tissue mass, and visceral adipocyte size with increasing mRNA levels of adipose tissue PPARα target genes in OLETF rats. " 04/01/2011 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate mRNA expression of somatotropic axis genes in chickens divergently selected for high (HWS) or low (LWS) body weight at 56 days of age. "
5.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis) 10/01/2008 - "Moreover, it dramatically reduced hepatic inflammatory changes and fibrosis concomitantly with marked reductions in the mRNA levels for inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and profibrogenic genes. " 01/01/2016 - "In this study, we found that mRNA and protein levels of HDAC6 were upregulated in cardiac fibrosis tissues and activated cardiac fibroblast cells. " 01/01/2014 - "Results of this study demonstrated that ARB administration significantly decreased arteriolopathy and that in comparison with monotherapy, concomitant administration of MZR and ARB further decreased arteriolopathy, fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, and TGF-β1 mRNA expression associated with CsA nephrotoxicity. " 08/01/2008 - "In acute study using a single drug injection, we observed a rapid transient increase of ALT and mRNA levels of KLF5 followed by increases in fibrosis-related genes. " 12/01/2005 - "We used real-time quantitative RT PCR to study the messenger RNA expression of 240 selected genes in 2 pools of liver specimens according to the stages of fibrosis (Metavir score; mild fibrosis = F1 and septal fibrosis = F2). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
2.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
3.	Cytokines
4.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)
5.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)
6.	Interleukin-10 (Interleukin 10)
7.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
8.	Insulin (Novolin)
9.	Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)
10.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
4.	Oral Administration
5.	Radiotherapy