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Protein Kinase C

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An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

Also Known As:

Phospholipid-Sensitive Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase; Protein Kinase M; Calcium Activated Phospholipid Dependent Kinase; Calcium Phospholipid Dependent Protein Kinase; PKC Serine Threonine Kinase; Phospholipid Sensitive Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase; Phospholipid-Dependent Kinase, Calcium-Activated; Serine-Threonine Kinase, PKC; Calcium Phospholipid-Dependent Protein Kinase; Calcium-Activated Phospholipid-Dependent Kinase; PKC Serine-Threonine Kinase

Networked: 4783 relevant articles (60 outcomes, 479 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Enzymes and Coenzymes
- Enzymes: 34502
  - Transferases: 4296
    - Phosphotransferases: 30637
      - Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
        Protein Kinases: 9706
        Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases: 1353
        Protein Kinase C: 4783
        protein kinase C beta: 322
        Protein Kinase C-epsilon: 265
        Protein Kinase C-alpha: 234
        Protein Kinase C-delta: 120
        protein kinase C gamma: 110
        protein kinase D: 69
        protein kinase C zeta: 65
        PKC-3 protein: 64
        protein kinase C lambda: 49
        protein kinase C eta: 38
        phorbol ester receptor: 28
        calcium-independent protein kinase C: 10
        protein kinase C nu: 9
        protein kinase N: 8
        Apl II protein kinase C
        Aspergillus niger PKCA protein
        C elegans DKF-2 protein
        Drosophila InaC protein
        Drosophila Par-6 protein
        epsilonV1-2 peptide
        human PRKCQ protein
        mouse Prkcq protein
        mouse protein kinase C zeta
        mouse protein kinase C zeta II
        mussel nPKC p105
        protein kinase C (15-28)
        protein kinase C (19-31)
        protein kinase C (19-36)
        rat Pkcq protein
        rat protein kinase M zeta
        S cerevisiae PKC1 protein
        S pombe Pck1 protein
        Trichoderma reesei Pkc1 protein

Experts

1.	Mochly-Rosen, Daria: 22 articles (10/2011 - 06/2002)
2.	Kazanietz, Marcelo G: 18 articles (10/2013 - 01/2002)
3.	King, George L: 17 articles (05/2015 - 09/2002)
4.	Leitges, Michael: 16 articles (08/2013 - 10/2003)
5.	Li, Tao: 14 articles (05/2015 - 06/2006)
6.	Strasser, Ruth H: 12 articles (01/2013 - 05/2002)
7.	Blumberg, Peter M: 11 articles (06/2014 - 01/2002)
8.	Alkon, Daniel L: 10 articles (06/2015 - 04/2008)
9.	Larsson, Christer: 10 articles (01/2015 - 03/2003)
10.	Jan, Chung-Ren: 10 articles (12/2014 - 02/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Ischemia 04/01/2007 - "This study was designed to test the hypothesis that preconditioned effluent from rat hearts purified by Sep-Pak C-18 cartridges could induce remote cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through the activation of protein kinase C signaling pathway. " 12/01/2001 - "The octapeptide (psi)(epsilon)RACK was selected for this study as it is known to exhibit selective epsilon protein kinase C isozyme agonist activity and to reduce ischemia-induced damage in cardiomyocytes. " 02/01/2000 - "In this study, the role of the neuron-specific gamma isoform of protein kinase C (gammaPKC) in reversible focal ischemia was examined using mutant mice in which the gene for gammaPKC was knocked-out (gammaPKC-KO). " 04/01/1998 - "Our recent studies utilizing an in vivo regional ischemia model revealed no changes in the subcellular distribution of protein kinase C (PKC) in dog and rabbit hearts after repeated 5 min episodes of preconditioning ischemia/reperfusion. " 01/01/2014 - "Activation of the diacylglycerol-protein kinase C (DAG-PKC) cascade has been implicated in the cardioprotective effects occurring after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2015 - "Protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) and PKC-ε are reported to be effective in cancer prevention via S-thiolation-mediated mechanisms. " 07/01/2013 - "In this study, we found that Nanog expression was upregulated by inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in six human cancer cell lines examined. " 03/01/2013 - "In our previous studies, we reported that protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) mediated cancer cell chemotaxis by regulating cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell adhesion. " 01/01/2011 - "Protein kinase C was found to be significantly over-expressed in cancer samples compared to adjacent normal cervical tissues by proteomics in our previous study. " 10/15/2009 - "In the present study, we focused on protein kinase C (PKC)alpha, which is hyper-activated in most tumor cells, as a trigger for transgene regulation. "
3.	Anoxia (Hypoxia) 02/01/2009 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction pathway in the 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE)-induced down-regulation expression of K(V) 1.5, K(V) 2.1 and K(V) 3.4, and pulmonary vasoconstriction under hypoxia. " 05/01/2001 - "The current study was done to test the hypothesis that protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors prevent the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and compliance that occurs in isolated, blood-perfused dog lungs during hypoxia. " 07/01/1994 - "These studies indicate that chronic hypoxia impairs the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes in association with the sustained activation of protein kinase C, which appears to play a role in mediating this process." 06/01/2012 - "Chronic hypoxia differentially up-regulates protein kinase C-mediated ovine uterine arterial contraction via actin polymerization signaling in pregnancy." 05/01/2012 - "Activation of Stat3 in endothelial cells following hypoxia-reoxygenation is mediated by Rac1 and protein Kinase C."
4.	Diabetic Retinopathy (Retinopathy, Diabetic) 11/01/2009 - "Data from 584 eyes in 340 placebo-treated patients in the 3-years-long Protein Kinase C Diabetic Retinopathy Study (PKC-DRS2) trial were used to investigate the relationship between VA and DMO. " 01/01/2007 - "This multicentre, randomised study, named PKC-DRS2 (Protein Kinase C-Diabetic Retinopathy Study 2), was conducted at 70 clinical sites and involved 685 patients with diabetic retinopathy. " 01/01/2004 - "Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition has been used in therapeutic trials intended to reduce the incidence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. " 01/31/2014 - "Suppression of protein kinase C-ζ attenuates vascular leakage via prevention of tight junction protein decrease in diabetic retinopathy." 03/01/2011 - "Protein kinase C inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. "
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 06/01/2005 - "The present study examined the role of L-/T-type Ca channels and the interaction between these channels and protein kinase C (PKC) in hypertension. " 01/01/2003 - "The aim of the study was to investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in changes in myofilament Ca(2+)-sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) in rats at different vasospastic states: hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, genetically determined hypertension, and hypertension resulted from ionizing radiation. " 01/01/2003 - "In the present study, we investigated the role of protein kinase C in the regulation of cholinergic nervous activity in the central nervous system in hypertension. " 10/23/1995 - "The goal of this study was to determine the role of activation of protein kinase C in disruption of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension. " 01/01/1990 - "This study was performed to investigate the effects of a specific protein kinase C inhibitor (H-7) on vascular adrenergic transmission in hypertension. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Calcium
2.	Protein Isoforms (Isoforms)
3.	Protein Kinases (Protein Kinase)
4.	Type C Phospholipases
5.	chelerythrine
6.	Phosphatidylinositols (Phosphatidylinositol)
7.	ruboxistaurin
8.	Insulin (Novolin)
9.	Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)
10.	Adenosine

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Oral Administration
3.	Injections
4.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy)
5.	Ligation