Calcium

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Also Known As:

Networked: 46986 relevant articles (1661 outcomes, 5213 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Budoff, Matthew J: 112 articles (11/2015 - 03/2002)
2.	Nasir, Khurram: 71 articles (10/2015 - 12/2003)
3.	Blumenthal, Roger S: 65 articles (10/2015 - 12/2003)
4.	Raggi, Paolo: 54 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	Wong, Nathan D: 42 articles (10/2014 - 03/2002)
6.	Hajjar, Roger J: 34 articles (02/2015 - 01/2002)
7.	Shaw, Leslee J: 32 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
8.	Berman, Daniel S: 32 articles (09/2015 - 05/2003)
9.	Liu, Kiang: 31 articles (10/2015 - 11/2002)
10.	Bax, Jeroen J: 31 articles (08/2014 - 01/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 11/01/2001 - "Specifically, in the Systolic Hypertension in Europe study, compared with placebo, a calcium antagonist dramatically reduced cardiovascular (CV) events in elderly diabetics. " 11/12/1998 - "If the results of the FACET and ABCD studies are considered in the context of the best available data arising from large randomized controlled trials, one may conclude that calcium antagonists are not harmful or contraindicated in hypertensive patients with diabetes and that the combination of an ACE inhibitor and a calcium antagonist is effective for the management of hypertension in diabetic patients." 02/01/2010 - "Medical treatment essentially calcium blockers improved hypertension in most cases. " 09/01/1995 - "All calcium antagonists have been shown to be effective in hypertension and most have a protective effect on the target organs. " 03/01/2002 - "Calcium antagonists represent an important group of drugs for the treatment of hypertension; they are effective in the whole range of severity of the disease. "
2.	Osteoporosis 01/01/2001 - "Prevention of osteoporosis is the best approach to the problem, and it should be started in early childhood with general measures (diet with sufficient calcium intake, life style with physical exercise) in a involved national program. " 04/01/2006 - "The "critical period model" within the life course construct is operative for calcium, a nutrient for which adequate intake is critically important during adolescence when peak bone density development, necessary for later protection against osteoporosis, is important." 03/01/1994 - "Optimal calcium intakes are desirable for prevention or treatment of osteoporosis, but the safety and efficacy of some calcium supplements used to achieve such intakes have been questioned. " 11/01/2012 - "However, large randomized trials demonstrate conflicting data on the antifracture efficacy of calcium supplementation, particularly in high doses, in patients with osteoporosis without CKD. " 11/01/1989 - "The results of this study support previous work which has indicated that supplemental calcium may be beneficial in combatting age-related bone loss."
3.	Ischemia 06/01/1988 - "The 3 groups showed a marked decrease in the max calcium binding capacity during ischemia compared with the Control Group but exhibited no further decrease after reperfusion. " 03/01/1988 - "In contrast, calcium reduction had no significant effect after 10 min of ischemia but caused a significant reduction after 20 min of ischemia. " 10/01/2000 - "It is unclear whether preceding repetitive brief ischemia causes any improvement in the energy efficiency of intracellular calcium cycling or crossbridge cycling that may lead to cardioprotection after subsequent sustained ischemia/reperfusion, a phenomenon called ischemic preconditioning. " 11/01/1990 - "The effect on calcium recovery was observed at intraperitoneal doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg. The compound also was effective in partially attenuating 1-week postischemic hippocampal CA1 neuronal loss in a gerbil global ischemia model involving brief (15-minute) bilateral carotid occlusion, but sustained dosing was required. " 01/30/1987 - "Preliminary experience suggests that calcium antagonists and beta blockers are effective in decreasing episodes of silent ischemia in patients with stable exertional angina and that a combination regimen may be more effective than either form of therapy alone."
4.	Hypercalcemia (Milk Alkali Syndrome) 07/01/2007 - "Besides the very expensive non-calcium based phosphate binders, at least two common tools may be helpful in the treatment of hypercalcemia and adynamic bone. " 10/01/1990 - "In conclusion, the combined treatment is rapidly effective and safe in the treatment of patients with hypercalcemia, particularly when the notional setting of renal tubular reabsorption of calcium is increased and a rapid correction of the plasma calcium level is needed." 05/01/2014 - "Calcium-based binders are still very useful but can lead to hypercalcemia and/or positive calcium balance and cardiovascular calcification. " 01/01/2011 - "All patients recovered after surgery, with serum calcium levels restored back to normal and with resolution of all symptoms of hypercalcemia. " 01/01/2003 - "In patients with malignant hypercalcemia, the efficacy of the individual bisphosphonate depends on dose administered and initial serum calcium concentration. "
5.	Heart Failure 01/01/2014 - "Both patients were responding very well to heart failure therapy and calcium supplementation as ejection fraction improved after restoration of plasma calcium levels. " 01/01/2001 - "Calcium sensitizers increase myocardial contractile function without affecting Ca2+ homeostasis, which might be beneficial in the treatment of patients with heart failure. " 11/01/1983 - "In summary, calcium antagonism resulted in significant afterload reduction and hemodynamic improvement in chronic congestive heart failure. " 01/01/2004 - "Calcium antagonist-improvement in the study of basic and clinical research: calcium antagonist and heart failure]." 05/01/1993 - "Although calcium antagonists have been expected to improve hemodynamics in the patients with heart failure, there have been no controlled large trial to prove that the hemodynamic effect is accompanied by any improvement in exercise tolerance or quality of life. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Vitamin D
2.	Phosphorus
3.	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)
4.	Magnesium
5.	1,4-dihydropyridine (dihydropyridine)
6.	Verapamil (Calan)
7.	Nifedipine (Adalat)
8.	Sodium
9.	Diltiazem (Cardizem)
10.	Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Parathyroidectomy
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Thyroidectomy