Latent tuberculosis co-infection is associated with heightened levels of humoral, cytokine and acute phase responses in seropositive SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

Latent Tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is postulated to modulate immune responses and alter disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. However, no data exist on the effect of LTBI on the immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 co-infected individuals.

METHODS:

We examined the SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses, plasma cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins and growth factor levels in LTBI positive and negative individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

RESULTS:

Our results demonstrated that individuals with LTBI (LTBI+) and seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were associated with elevated SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies, as well as enhanced neutralization activity compared to those negative for LTBI (LTBI-) individuals. Our results also demonstrate that LTBI+ individuals exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of IFNγ, IL-2, TNFα, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, IL-3, GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-25, IL-33, CCL3 and CXCL10 compared to LTBI- individuals. Finally, our results show that LTBI+ individuals exhibit significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein, alpha-2 macroglobulin, VEGF and TGFα compared to LTBI- individuals.

CONCLUSIONS:

Thus, our data clearly demonstrates that LTBI+ individuals seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit heightened levels of humoral, cytokine and acute phase responses compared to LTBI- individuals. Thus, LTBI is associated with modulation of antibody and cytokine responses as well as systemic inflammation in individuals seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

• Authors: Anuradha Rajamanickam, Nathella Pavan Kumar, Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini, Arul Nancy, Nandhini Selvaraj, Kushiyasri Karunanithi, Saravanan Munisankar, Shrinivasa Bm, Rachel Mariam Renji, T C Ambu, Vijayalakshmi Venkataramani, Subash Babu
• Journal: The Journal of infection (J Infect) Vol. 83 Issue 3 Pg. 339-346 (09 2021) ISSN: 1532-2742 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 34329676 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Cytokines

Topics

• Acute-Phase Reaction
• COVID-19
• Coinfection
• Cytokines
• Humans
• Latent Tuberculosis (complications)
• SARS-CoV-2