Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)

An acidic glycoprotein of MW 23 kDa with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages.

Also Known As:

Networked: 6186 relevant articles (478 outcomes, 1092 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Dranoff, Glenn: 31 articles (07/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Trapnell, Bruce C: 27 articles (11/2014 - 01/2002)
3.	Nakata, Koh: 24 articles (01/2015 - 02/2004)
4.	Hodi, F Stephen: 19 articles (12/2015 - 05/2002)
5.	Jaffee, Elizabeth M: 18 articles (04/2015 - 08/2003)
6.	Thomassen, Mary Jane: 18 articles (01/2013 - 10/2002)
7.	Hamilton, John A: 17 articles (09/2015 - 08/2002)
8.	Jooss, Karin: 17 articles (01/2014 - 03/2005)
9.	Kavuru, Mani S: 17 articles (01/2013 - 04/2002)
10.	Tazawa, Ryushi: 14 articles (04/2014 - 05/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 11/15/2004 - "In conclusion, vaccinations with dendritic cells associated with apoptotic tumor cells secreting GM-CSF show a very high therapeutic potency that should show promise for the treatment of human cancer." 03/18/2003 - "Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor generates potent, specific, and long-lasting antitumor immunity through improved tumor antigen presentation by dendritic cells and macrophages. " 01/01/2000 - "After complete tumor eradication, those mice treated with DC-AdIL-7 evidenced significantly greater release of splenocyte GM-CSF and IFN-gamma than did controls or AdIL-7-treated mice. " 07/01/1997 - "All immune parameters were significantly improved during treatment in Group 1 but remained unchanged or even deteriorated in Group 2. Administration of GM-CSF during treatment of cancer patients with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs results in a marked potentiation of deficient cellular immune responses in vitro and a change towards normalisation of cytokine serum levels. " 08/21/2013 - "Injection of the recombinant mouse HSV encoding GM-CSF resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth compared to the control group, and dose-dependent effects were observed: the relative tumor proliferation rates of the low dose, medium dose and high dose groups on 15 d after injection were 45.5%, 55.2% and 65.5%, respectively. "
2.	Infection 09/01/1991 - "Under GM-CSF the blood neutrophils recovered 6 and 9 days earlier in the TAD9 (P = .009) and S-HAM (P = .043) groups associated with a rapid clearance of infections in most patients. " 08/01/2005 - "GM-CSF, in addition to IS, may shorten time to neutrophil count recovery, may be beneficial in decreasing infection rates, and may improve platelet response in patients with SAA. " 03/01/2000 - "Lung GM-CSF levels increased progressively during the infection and were significantly greater than those in uninfected controls 3, 4, and 5 wk after inoculation. " 01/01/2000 - "By use of a flow cytometric assay to quantify phagocytosis, HIV-1 infection was found to impair the ability of monocyte-derived macrophages to phagocytose MAC in vitro, whereas GM-CSF significantly improved this defect. " 01/01/2014 - "Our results indicated that the expression of GM-CSF during infection with a vaccine strain could enhance the activation of BMDCs and increase cytokine response, which is expected to result in higher immune responses and may improve vaccine efficacy against PRRSV infection."
3.	Neutropenia 05/01/1989 - "In conclusion, GM-CSF is well tolerated by the SC route and induces striking, but usually temporary, improvement in the neutropenia of MDS. " 06/22/1995 - "The median duration of neutropenia was slightly shorter (P = 0.02) in the patients who received GM-CSF (15 days) than in those who received placebo (17 days), but the clinical importance of this result was minimal because the growth factor failed to lower the treatment-related mortality rate or improve the rate of complete remission. " 07/01/2001 - "In this series, GM-CSF was shown to be effective on iatrogenic neutropenia and related complications, with no impact on thrombopoiesis, drug dose escalation and outcome." 12/01/1998 - "We conclude that GM-CSF is effective in improving CLL associated chronic neutropenia and also enhances impaired granulocyte chemiluminescence. " 09/01/1994 - "Neutropenia induced by antiviral treatment, in particular AZT, can be improved with recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (RHGMCSF) in HIV positive patients. "
4.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant) 06/15/1993 - "Treatment with GM-CSF alone or with antibody alone had no effect, whereas therapy with combination of both these agents resulted in a significant reduction in dissemination of melanoma both in a nontransplant as well as in BMT settings, with results being more optimal in the latter setting. " 12/01/2015 - "Neither adjuvant GM-CSF nor PV significantly improved RFS or OS in patients with high-risk resected melanoma. " 04/01/2000 - "GM-CSF may provide an antitumor effect that prolongs survival and disease-free survival in patients with stage III and IV melanoma who are clinically disease-free. " 03/01/2015 - "A variety of viruses are now in clinical development with the attenuated oncolytic herpesvirus encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, known as talimogene laherparepvec, recently demonstrating an improvement in durable response rate in patients with advanced melanoma compared with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor alone. " 12/01/2015 - "In a randomized phase III trial, T-VEC met its primary endpoint of improving the durable response rate vs granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with unresectable melanoma. "
5.	Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia) 01/01/2007 - "To observe the therapeutic efficacy of 131I-labeled granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-SCF) in SCID mouse-acute myeloid leukemia model, and the relationship between dose and effect. " 04/01/1998 - "Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in post-remission therapy of acute myeloid leukemia." 07/01/2013 - "The objective of this study was to generate a novel humanized chimeric protein with human DFF40 fused with GM-CSF for targeting acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. " 01/01/2007 - "[Experimental study of 131I-labeled granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in SCID mouse-acute myeloid leukemia model]." 01/15/2004 - "A phase 3 study of three induction regimens and of priming with GM-CSF in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia: a trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)
2.	Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)
3.	Interleukin-2 (IL2)
4.	Cytokines
5.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
6.	Vaccines
7.	Interleukin-12 (IL 12)
8.	Interleukin-3 (Interleukin 3)
9.	Antigens
10.	Cytarabine (Cytosar-U)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Immunotherapy
3.	Radiotherapy
4.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)