Cytokines

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Networked: 54678 relevant articles (1363 outcomes, 5495 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Wang, Wei: 51 articles (08/2015 - 03/2002)
2.	Akira, Shizuo: 51 articles (10/2014 - 02/2002)
3.	Netea, Mihai G: 49 articles (06/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Dinarello, Charles A: 48 articles (10/2015 - 03/2002)
5.	Li, Jun: 42 articles (12/2015 - 11/2002)
6.	Wang, Jing: 41 articles (08/2015 - 01/2003)
7.	Wang, Ping: 39 articles (01/2016 - 05/2002)
8.	Li, Wei: 39 articles (11/2015 - 07/2003)
9.	Iwakura, Yoichiro: 39 articles (02/2015 - 03/2002)
10.	Aukrust, Pål: 36 articles (12/2015 - 04/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 12/01/2011 - "IL-27 is the most recently characterized member of the family of heterodimeric IL-12-related cytokines and has shown promise in halting tumor growth and mediating tumor regression in several cancer models. " 12/01/2011 - "Our results demonstrated that treatment with the improved DC vaccine which was tumor cell lysate pulsed with M2 and OK (HMO-D), compared with H-D and HM-D, significantly increased cell surface markers (MHC-I and II, CD40, CD80, CD86 and CD11c) expression on DCs, enhanced Th1-type cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) production but not Th2-type cytokine (IL-5) production, induced remarkable high levels of lymphocytes proliferation and CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL). " 08/15/1999 - "NK cells are most effective in killing a broad spectrum of primary tumor cells after stimulation with cytokines. " 07/16/1997 - "Compared with TSA cells engineered to produce other cytokines, TSA-IL12 cells were the most efficient in curing mice with established TSA tumors; injection of 0.1 million proliferating cells contralaterally to the tumor growth area cured five of 15 mice bearing 1-day-old tumors; injection of the same dose of proliferating cells into the tumor growth area cured two of 20 tumor-bearing mice. " 08/01/1992 - "Determining the degree of host immunoresponsiveness and which combination of cytokines or immunotherapeutic or chemotherapeutic agents is most effective for a specific tumor type is the challenge for the future."
2.	Inflammation 12/01/2011 - "We also found significantly reduced apoptosis, expression of GFAP, NF-κB, p-IKappaB and iba1, increased number of CD4 positive T cells and MMP2 expression and reduced neurological dysfunction in lpr mice when compared with Wt mice after SCI. We found dramatically reduced inflammation and cytokines and chemokine expression in B6.MRL-Fas-lpr mice compared to Wt mice after SCI. In conclusion, we report multiple lines of evidence that Fas/FasL activation plays a pivotal role in mediating apoptosis, the inflammatory response and neurodegeneration after SCI, providing a compelling rationale for therapeutically targeting Fas in human SCI." 04/01/2008 - "The remarkable sensitivity of mebrofenin excretion to cytokines suggests that Tc-mebrofenin imaging will be helpful for assessing cytokine-mediated liver inflammation." 03/15/2001 - "Absence of significant changes in most of proinflammatory cytokines studied confirmed that SIRT is a reasonably safe and well-tolerated treatment with minimal side-effect from the point of view of cytokine-related inflammation. " 10/01/2009 - "Recent studies suggest that treatment with statins is associated with a significant and marked decrease in inflammation-associated variables such as cytokines. " 06/01/2008 - "Several cytokines could be identified as important regulators of the immune system during induction, progression and remission of ocular inflammation in animal models. "
3.	Infection 09/01/2004 - "Such an immune profile is likely to have an adverse impact on the efficacy of an HIV-1 vaccine CD8 cellular immune response and the corresponding Th1 cytokines that are most likely to be important for clearing viral infections." 01/01/2002 - "Although clearance of most virus infections is widely thought to indicate the killing of infected cells by virus-specific T cells, data suggest that non-cytolytic intracellular viral inactivation by cytokines released by virus-inactivated lymphomononuclear cells could have an important role in the clearance of this virus without killing the infected cell. " 01/01/1999 - "A detailed picture is developing of particular innate cytokines activating NK cell responses and their consorted effects in providing unique endogenous milieus promoting downstream adaptive responses, most beneficial in defense against viral infections." 07/01/2015 - "Cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells are potent mediators of host protection against disease due to their ability to directly kill cells infected with intracellular pathogens and produce inflammatory cytokines at the site of infection. " 10/15/2014 - "Typhimurium infection, the P-HBV group showed a marked reduction in microbial burden in feces and all tissue samples (including the ileum, cecum, colon, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN)), a significant increase in Th 1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12) and a marked decrease in a Th 2 cytokine (IL-4) in all tissue samples and peripheral blood lymphocytes. "
4.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 12/01/2002 - "Understanding the mechanistic basis for the effects of these cytokines may prove to be an important step in improving the efficacy of beta-agonists for the treatment of asthma." 10/01/2002 - "3. Understanding the mechanistic basis for the effects of these cytokines may prove to be an important step in improving the efficacy of beta-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of asthma." 03/01/2009 - "The total combining contents of DP and CRTH2 on T cells increased, serum levels of TH2 cytokines also increased, but serum levels of TH1 cytokine decreased significantly in the acute attack and the remission phases in children with asthma. " 06/01/2010 - "Therapies directed at T cells and their cytokines have been disappointing in asthma despite, in some instances, promising results on allergen challenge. " 06/01/1995 - "Because the selective PDE IV inhibitors markedly inhibited eosinophil infiltration in guinea pig airways induced by cytokines, it is suggested that PDE IV inhibitors have antiinflammatory effects in the airways and may be useful in the treatment of asthma."
5.	Sepsis (Septicemia) 10/17/1998 - "Ad-hoc measurement of these cytokines could allow earlier initiation of antibiotic therapy with corresponding improvement in outcome in very-low-birthweight infants with sepsis." 03/01/1998 - "The hypothesis that neutralization of endotoxin and pro-inflammatory cytokines is beneficial in sepsis was seriously challenged by the results of recent clinical and experimental studies. " 12/01/2011 - "TLR2(-/-) mice may produce relatively low levels of proinflammatory cytokines following pneumococcal challenge, thus hindering the clearance of bacteria from the middle ear and leading to sepsis and high mortality rate. " 07/01/2009 - "In summary, TLR2(-/-) mice may produce relatively low levels of proinflammatory cytokines following pneumococcal challenge, thus hindering the clearance of bacteria from the middle ear and leading to sepsis and a high mortality rate. " 08/01/2006 - "The techniques to remove cytokines, including high-volume haemofiltration, haemodialysis using high-cut-off haemofilters, and absorptive techniques, lead to some improvement in outcome but are still insufficient to reverse the complicated biological dysregulation resulting from ARF associated with sepsis. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
2.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)
3.	Interleukin-10 (Interleukin 10)
4.	Interleukin-12 (IL 12)
5.	Chemokines
6.	Interleukins
7.	Interleukin-2 (IL2)
8.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
9.	Interferon-gamma (Interferon, gamma)
10.	Antigens

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)
4.	Transplants (Transplant)
5.	Oral Administration