Although
sodium nitrite has been widely used as food preservative, building bases of scientific evidence about
nitrite continues to oppose the general safety in human health. Moreover,
thymoquinone (TQ) has therapeutic potential as
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer. Therefore, we investigated the effects of both
sodium nitrite and TQ on testicular tissues of rats. Forty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. They received either 80 mg kg(-1)
sodium nitrite or 50 mg kg(-1) TQ daily for twelve weeks. Serum
testosterone was measured. Testis were weighed and the testicular tissue homogenates were used for measurements of tumour
necrosis factor (TNF)-α,
interleukin (IL)-1β,
IL-4,
IL-6,
IL10,
caspase-3,
caspase-8 and
caspase-9.
Sodium nitrite resulted in significant reduction in serum
testosterone concentration and elevation in testis weight and Gonado-Somatic Index. We found significant reduction in testicular tissues levels of
IL-4 and
IL-10 associated with elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β,
IL-6,
caspase-3,
caspase-8 and
caspase-9. In conclusion, chronic oral
sodium nitrite induced changes in the weight of rat testis accompanied by elevation in the testicular tissue level of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory
cytokines. TQ attenuated
sodium nitrite-induced testicular tissue damage through blocking oxidative stress, restoration of normal inflammatory
cytokines balance and blocking of apoptosis.