Gingival Hyperplasia

Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)

Also Known As:

Networked: 540 relevant articles (18 outcomes, 56 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertrichosis
2.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
3.	Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure)
4.	Gingivitis
5.	Inflammation

Experts

1.	Gera, István: 3 articles (06/2013 - 02/2002)
2.	Brkić, Zlata: 3 articles (01/2007 - 01/2004)
3.	Ak, G: 2 articles (07/2013 - 01/2000)
4.	Sanz, Mariano: 2 articles (09/2012 - 06/2011)
5.	Burdmann, Emmanuel A: 2 articles (01/2007 - 04/2003)
6.	Shoja, Mohammad Ali Mohajjel: 2 articles (01/2007 - 11/2006)
7.	Farahani, Ramin Mostofi Zadeh: 2 articles (01/2007 - 11/2006)
8.	Lafzi, Ardeshir: 2 articles (01/2007 - 11/2006)
9.	Mahmoud, Ihab: 2 articles (11/2005 - 04/2005)
10.	Sabry, Alaa: 2 articles (11/2005 - 04/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Gingival Hyperplasia:

1.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1990 - "Young and female patients were at a significantly greater risk of developing cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia than the other patients. " 07/01/2000 - "A previous study suggested that mast cells (MC) are involved in the development of cyclosporin A-induced gingival hyperplasia, since an increased number of MC were observed in the tissue sections of enlarged gingiva. " 07/01/2000 - "Mast cells are not involved in the development of cyclosporin A-induced gingival hyperplasia: a study with mast cell-deficient mice." 10/01/1993 - "Cyclosporin-induced gingival hyperplasia: an ultrastructural study of the oral epithelial prickle cells." 11/01/1990 - "In the present study a newly developed concept for avoiding recurrences after the periodontal surgical treatment of cyclosporin A-induced gingival hyperplasia is described. "
2.	Azithromycin (Zithromax)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2004 - "Marked improvements in gingival hyperplasia have been recorded in particular with azithromycin. " 05/01/2001 - "Azithromycin treatment of gingival hyperplasia in kidney transplant recipients is effective and safe." 11/01/2004 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate histopathological features of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia and to evaluate the quantitative efficacy of short-term azithromycin therapy. " 08/01/1996 - "Improvement in cyclosporine A associated gingival hyperplasia with azithromycin therapy." 12/01/1997 - "Azithromycin improves cyclosporin-associated gingival hyperplasia, especially when administered early in the process."
3.	Phenytoin (Dilantin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1991 - "The results confirm that a preventive dental program, consisting on frequent prophylaxis and plaque control, is effective in minimizing clinically gingival enlargement associated with phenytoin therapy, even in patients who present histological aspects of gingival hyperplasia." 01/01/1973 - "Effective treatment of Dilantin gingival hyperplasia." 06/01/1984 - "Gingival hyperplasia due to previous phenytoin therapy improved in all cases." 01/01/2014 - "Participants receiving STM were significantly less likely to develop gingival hyperplasia than were participants receiving phenytoin in the GTCS study (risk ratio (RR) 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.00 to 0.58). " 04/01/1988 - "[Diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia: ultrastructural study]."
4.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2009 - "When IST was changed to tacrolimus there was a significant improvement in the gingival hyperplasia, but equally important, he achieved complete response of his AA within several months. " 06/01/2009 - "Patients on tacrolimus had a tendency to have less gingival hyperplasia. " 11/01/1998 - "Tacrolimus and gingival hyperplasia." 04/01/2003 - "Giving the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus (FK506) to liver transplant patients has helped to considerably reduce oral side effects such as gingival hyperplasia. " 12/01/2003 - "It seems that CsA withdrawal and its conversion to tacrolimus in organ transplant recipients who develop severe gingival enlargement, together with an extensive plaque control program, provide an effective means to control/eliminate gingival hyperplasia, with minimal risk of graft dysfunction."
5.	Nifedipine (Adalat)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2005 - "Activation of cGMP-dependent positive signal-transduction mechanisms in salivary glands might be the mechanism for protective effects of NO against nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia." 01/01/1991 - "Nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia: a clinical and in vitro study." 11/01/2007 - "[Analysis of risk indicator for nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia]." 01/01/2007 - "Gingival hyperplasia correlates with both the dose of nifedipine and the duration of its administration." 01/01/2007 - "The central interdental papilla vertical altitude was 6.6 mm in rats which had received a lower dose of nifedipine, 8 mm in rats which had received a higher dose in the defined time intervals while the value for the control group was 3.8 mm. The obtained results showed that the administration of nifedipine led to the extensive gingival hyperplasia in the experimental animals. "
6.	Amlodipine (Norvasc)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1997 - "The purpose of this study was to examine a large group of patients taking amlodipine and determine the prevalence of gingival hyperplasia. " 02/01/1997 - "In the present study the possible pathogenic mechanisms, clinical and histologic presentation and therapeutic indications of amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia are discussed." 01/01/2015 - "Untypical amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia." 03/01/2014 - "The prevalence rate of amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia among experimental patients was 3.4%, while it was not observed among the control subjects. " 12/01/2012 - "The exact reason of amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia is not known. "
7.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)IBA 10/01/1968 - "[Clinical statistical contribution on gingival hyperplasia caused by anticonvulsants]." 07/01/1989 - "In the comparison of clinical exames of children taking anticonvulsants, the conclusion was that the gingival hyperplasia was present in 46.8% of the cases, as well as the extension of it being larger when the drug had been administrated for a long period and/or when oral hygiene was inadequate." 09/01/2010 - "Anesthesiologists should consider the side effects of anticonvulsants such as liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction, anemia, and gingival hyperplasia. " 01/01/2011 - "Long-term use of phenytoin (PHT) causes gingival hyperplasia; however, little is known about the oral side effects of other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). " 12/10/1989 - "Among the connective tissue changes induced by the chronic use of anticonvulsants, gingival hyperplasia associated with the use of phenytoin is the most reliably proven. "
8.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 06/01/2007 - "It is concluded that the use of the CO(2) laser was effective in the treatment of gingival hyperplasia." 06/01/2007 - "The present study aimed to assess the effect of the use of the CO(2) laser on the treatment of gingival hyperplasia in orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliances. " 06/01/2007 - "Use of the CO(2) laser on orthodontic patients suffering from gingival hyperplasia." 03/01/2008 - "High levels of dental plaque and calculus have been reported as a critical co-factor for the development and severity of phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia. " 02/01/2005 - "Co-treatment of animals with nifedipine and L-NAME potentiated nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia and reductions in flow rate and concentrations of total protein, EGF, and calcium. "
9.	ChlorhexidineIBA 12/01/2001 - "In addition to conventional dental care, the use of electric toothbrushes and the application of chlorhexidine and regular professional dental cleaning may prevent the development of gingival hyperplasia. " 01/01/1991 - "Cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia and chlorhexidine: a case report." 02/16/1982 - "The effects of chlorhexidine and mechanical methods of plaque control on the recurrence of gingival hyperplasia in young patients taking phenytoin." 01/01/1978 - "Gingival hyperplasia was not significantly reduced by the use of the chlorhexidine toothpaste." 04/01/1994 - "After a change in the antihypertensive regimen, avoiding long-term nifedipine medication, and improved dental care with chlorhexidine gel, we noted a reduction in the degree of gingival hyperplasia. "
10.	CholesterolIBA 03/27/2000 - "Mean gingival hyperplasia index decreased from 24 to 6; mean total cholesterol decreased from 237 to 195. " 03/27/2000 - "Gingival hyperplasia index, total cholesterol, and blood pressure were recorded at the outset, 4-, 8-, and 12-month intervals. " 05/01/2005 - "After the switch to tacrolimus, mean total cholesterol was reduced by 15% at month 6. One hundred seventy-seven additional patients were switched primarily for other indications: hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia, and arterial hypertension, and these symptoms also improved after the switch. " 03/27/2000 - "The effect of conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus on gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism and cholesterol."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 03/01/2002 - "Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia in transplant recipients." 03/01/1995 - "There was a significant inverse relationship between the length of time since transplantation and the severity of gingival hyperplasia. " 07/01/1992 - "It is used specially in transplantation patients and in some cases, like other drugs, it causes gingival hyperplasia. " 07/01/1990 - "The severity of gingival hyperplasia increases in both groups with mean transplantations period, independent of mean daily doses of CsA and Azathioprin and independent of mean plasma concentration. " 09/01/2003 - "Our previous study of a group of renal transplant recipients treated with CsA showed a significantly faster development of chronic graft failure among patients with gingival hyperplasia (GH) compared to unaffected patients. "
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 10/01/2005 - "As many organ transplant patients also take Ca channel blocking medication this might potentiate the CsA associated gingival hyperplasia. " 03/01/1998 - "All the patients who developed severe overgrowth had evidence of gingival hyperplasia before the transplant. " 09/01/2003 - "Our previous study of a group of renal transplant recipients treated with CsA showed a significantly faster development of chronic graft failure among patients with gingival hyperplasia (GH) compared to unaffected patients. " 06/01/2009 - "We assessed the level of oral hygiene among renal transplant patients and determined whether a good level of information and regular dental checkups in addition to good oral hygiene could prevent gingival hyperplasia. " 10/01/1994 - "Multimodal treatment of drug-induced gingival hyperplasia in a kidney transplant patient."
3.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/1996 - "Laser treatment of orthodontically induced gingival hyperplasia." 05/01/2015 - "This was randomized split mouth prospective study where 17 patients having symmetrical gingival hyperplasia were treated with electrocautery and laser on each side. " 06/01/2007 - "It is concluded that the use of the CO(2) laser was effective in the treatment of gingival hyperplasia." 06/01/2007 - "The present study aimed to assess the effect of the use of the CO(2) laser on the treatment of gingival hyperplasia in orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliances. " 06/01/2007 - "Use of the CO(2) laser on orthodontic patients suffering from gingival hyperplasia."
4.	Oral Hygiene (Dental Hygiene) 07/01/2015 - "Both gingival hyperplasia and coated tongue were significantly related to poor oral hygiene (P <0.05), but were not significantly related to the immunosuppressive therapy (P >0.05). " 06/01/2013 - "The recurrence of the drug related gingival hyperplasia can be anticipated by meticulous postoperative individual oral hygiene and regular supportive therapy. " 06/01/2009 - "Intensive motivation of patients to maintain good oral hygiene is necessary to reduce the incidence of gingival hyperplasia." 06/01/2009 - "Patient education, along with regular dental checkups and a good level of oral hygiene, should prevent gingival hyperplasia or maintain it at an acceptable level. " 02/01/2000 - "The use of chemical plaque controlling agents was found to be extremely low and, with the exception of children with gingival hyperplasia, the users of these agents did not have better oral hygiene. "
5.	Dental Care 12/01/2001 - "In addition to conventional dental care, the use of electric toothbrushes and the application of chlorhexidine and regular professional dental cleaning may prevent the development of gingival hyperplasia. " 04/01/2015 - "It is possible to treat PHT-induced gingival hyperplasia non-surgically with intensive dental care, correct oral hygiene and oral folic acid supplements." 04/01/1994 - "After a change in the antihypertensive regimen, avoiding long-term nifedipine medication, and improved dental care with chlorhexidine gel, we noted a reduction in the degree of gingival hyperplasia. "