Gingival Hyperplasia

Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)

Also Known As:

Networked: 656 relevant articles (26 outcomes, 61 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertrichosis
2.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
3.	Tremor (Tremors)
4.	Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure)
5.	Edema (Dropsy)

Experts

1.	Lauritano, Dorina: 4 articles (01/2020 - 01/2019)
2.	Palmieri, Annalisa: 3 articles (01/2020 - 01/2019)
3.	Gera, István: 3 articles (06/2013 - 02/2002)
4.	Brkić, Zlata: 3 articles (01/2007 - 01/2004)
5.	Marson, Anthony G: 2 articles (01/2021 - 03/2014)
6.	Milburn-McNulty, Philip: 2 articles (01/2021 - 03/2014)
7.	Carinci, Francesco: 2 articles (01/2020 - 04/2019)
8.	Di Stasio, Dario: 2 articles (01/2020 - 04/2019)
9.	Lucchese, Alberta: 2 articles (01/2020 - 04/2019)
10.	Balasso, Paolo: 2 articles (12/2019 - 11/2019)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Gingival Hyperplasia:

1.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1990 - "Young and female patients were at a significantly greater risk of developing cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia than the other patients. " 01/16/2020 - "Role of Cyclosporine in Gingival Hyperplasia: An In Vitro Study on Gingival Fibroblasts." 11/01/2004 - "Eighteen renal transplant patients with cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia were included in the study. " 07/01/2000 - "A previous study suggested that mast cells (MC) are involved in the development of cyclosporin A-induced gingival hyperplasia, since an increased number of MC were observed in the tissue sections of enlarged gingiva. " 07/01/2000 - "Mast cells are not involved in the development of cyclosporin A-induced gingival hyperplasia: a study with mast cell-deficient mice."
2.	Azithromycin (Zithromax)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2001 - "Azithromycin treatment of gingival hyperplasia in kidney transplant recipients is effective and safe." 11/01/2004 - "Marked improvements in gingival hyperplasia have been recorded in particular with azithromycin. " 08/01/2003 - "Anecdotal evidence suggests that azithromycin is effective for the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in solid-organ transplant recipients. " 08/01/2003 - "Is oral azithromycin effective for the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in cardiac transplant recipients?" 08/01/2003 - "Evidence supporting the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in solid organ transplant recipients was searched for, identified, and then critically assessed. "
3.	Phenytoin (Dilantin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1973 - "Effective treatment of Dilantin gingival hyperplasia." 01/01/2021 - "Participants receiving STM were significantly less likely to develop gingival hyperplasia than participants receiving phenytoin in the GTCS study (RR 0.03, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.58; 1 study, 146 participants; low-certainty evidence). " 03/09/2014 - "Participants receiving STM were significantly less likely to develop gingival hyperplasia than were participants receiving phenytoin in the GTCS study (risk ratio (RR) 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.00 to 0.58). " 04/01/1988 - "[Diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia: ultrastructural study]." 03/01/1986 - "[Biochemical study of diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia--effect of diphenylhydantoin on gingival C14-1,4-succinate metabolism]."
4.	Nifedipine (Adalat)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2005 - "Activation of cGMP-dependent positive signal-transduction mechanisms in salivary glands might be the mechanism for protective effects of NO against nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia." 01/01/1991 - "Nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia: a clinical and in vitro study." 01/01/2017 - "This first case report of gingival hyperplasia induced by nifedipine in pregnancy could be used as a reference for clinicians in the management of this adverse effect during the pregnancy." 01/01/2017 - "Nifedipine Induced Gingival Hyperplasia in Pregnancy: A Case Report." 01/01/2007 - "Gingival hyperplasia correlates with both the dose of nifedipine and the duration of its administration."
5.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2009 - "When IST was changed to tacrolimus there was a significant improvement in the gingival hyperplasia, but equally important, he achieved complete response of his AA within several months. " 01/01/2023 - "Tacrolimus-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia." 05/01/2020 - "Rare phenomena of tacrolimus-induced gingival hyperplasia." 01/01/2017 - "Topical tacrolimus causing gingival hyperplasia: A case report." 06/01/2009 - "Patients on tacrolimus had a tendency to have less gingival hyperplasia. "
6.	Amlodipine (Norvasc)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2019 - "Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia: An in vitro study using amlodipine and human gingival fibroblasts." 07/01/1997 - "The purpose of this study was to examine a large group of patients taking amlodipine and determine the prevalence of gingival hyperplasia. " 02/01/1997 - "In the present study the possible pathogenic mechanisms, clinical and histologic presentation and therapeutic indications of amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia are discussed." 10/01/2021 - "Amlodipine Induced Gingival Hyperplasia." 01/01/2020 - "Amlodipine as a cause of gingival hyperplasia is a rare occurrence. "
7.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)IBA 01/01/2021 - "Gingival hyperplasia may be present due to the use of anticonvulsant drugs. " 03/01/2008 - "A clinical case photo is presented to show gingival hyperplasia, along with four tables on which common antiepileptic medications are enumerated." 10/01/1968 - "[Clinical statistical contribution on gingival hyperplasia caused by anticonvulsants]." 11/01/2021 - "Other findings were also recorded such as injury to dentition or oral soft tissues and gingival hyperplasia as side effect of antiepileptic drug therapy. " 07/01/1989 - "In the comparison of clinical exames of children taking anticonvulsants, the conclusion was that the gingival hyperplasia was present in 46.8% of the cases, as well as the extension of it being larger when the drug had been administrated for a long period and/or when oral hygiene was inadequate."
8.	Antihypertensive Agents (Antihypertensives)IBA 01/01/2022 - "Amlodipine is one of the commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs, and gingival hyperplasia is one overlooked side effect in patients taking amlodipine. " 10/01/2000 - "Although KGF has been implicated in a number of hyperplastic pathologies, it has not previously been investigated in gingival hyperplasia (GH), an adverse side-effect of three pharmacologically different types of drugs, including the anti-hypertensive drug nifedipine (NIF). " 07/01/2022 - "Corrigendum to 'Antihypertensive treatment with telmisartan in a cat with amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia'." 07/01/2017 - "Antihypertensive treatment with telmisartan in a cat with amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia." 10/01/2010 - "Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, used as antihypertensive drug has been found associated with gingival hyperplasia. "
9.	ChlorhexidineIBA 12/01/2001 - "In addition to conventional dental care, the use of electric toothbrushes and the application of chlorhexidine and regular professional dental cleaning may prevent the development of gingival hyperplasia. " 01/01/1991 - "Cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia and chlorhexidine: a case report." 02/16/1982 - "The effects of chlorhexidine and mechanical methods of plaque control on the recurrence of gingival hyperplasia in young patients taking phenytoin." 01/01/1978 - "Gingival hyperplasia was not significantly reduced by the use of the chlorhexidine toothpaste." 09/01/1990 - "Chlorhexidine as an oral hygiene adjunct for cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia."
10.	CholesterolIBA 03/27/2000 - "Mean gingival hyperplasia index decreased from 24 to 6; mean total cholesterol decreased from 237 to 195. " 03/27/2000 - "Gingival hyperplasia index, total cholesterol, and blood pressure were recorded at the outset, 4-, 8-, and 12-month intervals. " 05/01/2005 - "After the switch to tacrolimus, mean total cholesterol was reduced by 15% at month 6. One hundred seventy-seven additional patients were switched primarily for other indications: hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia, and arterial hypertension, and these symptoms also improved after the switch. " 03/27/2000 - "The effect of conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus on gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism and cholesterol."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2007 - "The patient responded well to chemotherapeutic induction regimen and after two months of medical therapy disease remised and gingival hyperplasia regressed. " 12/01/1998 - "Although several studies have attempted to determine the immunological mechanisms of gingival hyperplasia (GO) due to CsA therapy, the pathogenesis remains unclear. " 12/01/2022 - "The gender and age predilection of gingival hyperplasia as a result of CsA therapy is also noticeable. " 06/01/2022 - "There is a statistically significant difference in the presence of gingival hyperplasia found by monitoring the changes after three and six months, and after one and two years following the start of orthodontic therapy. " 04/01/2015 - "A 12-year-old male epileptic patient, undergoing PHT therapy, was diagnosed clinically with severe gingival hyperplasia. "
2.	Oral Hygiene (Dental Hygiene) 10/01/2022 - "In more severe cases, drug-induced gingival hyperplasia negatively affects the patient's quality of life, making it difficult to eat and practice good oral hygiene. " 01/01/2021 - "Poor oral hygiene may further worsen the gingival hyperplasia, because of which the patient may have difficulty in chewing the food, and the speech may get affected. " 07/01/2015 - "Both gingival hyperplasia and coated tongue were significantly related to poor oral hygiene (P <0.05), but were not significantly related to the immunosuppressive therapy (P >0.05). " 06/01/2009 - "Intensive motivation of patients to maintain good oral hygiene is necessary to reduce the incidence of gingival hyperplasia." 06/01/2009 - "Patient education, along with regular dental checkups and a good level of oral hygiene, should prevent gingival hyperplasia or maintain it at an acceptable level. "
3.	Lasers (Laser) 06/01/2007 - "It is concluded that the use of the CO(2) laser was effective in the treatment of gingival hyperplasia." 06/01/2007 - "Use of the CO(2) laser on orthodontic patients suffering from gingival hyperplasia." 01/01/1996 - "Laser treatment of orthodontically induced gingival hyperplasia." 06/01/2007 - "The present study aimed to assess the effect of the use of the CO(2) laser on the treatment of gingival hyperplasia in orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliances. " 05/01/2015 - "This was randomized split mouth prospective study where 17 patients having symmetrical gingival hyperplasia were treated with electrocautery and laser on each side. "
4.	Solid-State Lasers 02/21/2023 - "Novel treatment approach of localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia with use of Nd:YAG laser." 02/21/2023 - "To our knowledge, this case series illustrates the first use of an Nd:YAG laser to treat the rare pathology localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia. " 02/21/2023 - "To our knowledge, we present the first cases of localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia treated with the Nd:YAG laser. " 11/01/2010 - "Comparison between traditional surgery, CO2 and Nd:Yag laser treatment for generalized gingival hyperplasia in Sturge-Weber syndrome: a retrospective study." 01/01/2009 - "The present manuscript reports a case of a 21/2 year old girl, diagnosed with arthrogryposis, presenting increasing gingival hyperplasia which was treated with Er,Cr:YSGG Laser. "
5.	Dental Care 12/01/2001 - "In addition to conventional dental care, the use of electric toothbrushes and the application of chlorhexidine and regular professional dental cleaning may prevent the development of gingival hyperplasia. " 04/01/2015 - "It is possible to treat PHT-induced gingival hyperplasia non-surgically with intensive dental care, correct oral hygiene and oral folic acid supplements." 04/01/1994 - "After a change in the antihypertensive regimen, avoiding long-term nifedipine medication, and improved dental care with chlorhexidine gel, we noted a reduction in the degree of gingival hyperplasia. "