The aim of this study was to identify an anti-
obesity peptide from Allomyrina dichotoma and investigate the
lipid metabolic mechanism. Enzymatically hydrolyzed A. dichotoma larvae were further separated using tangential flow filtration and consecutive chromatographic processes. Finally, an anti-
obesity peptide that showed the highest inhibitory effect on
lipid accumulation was obtained, and the sequence was Glu-Ile-
Ala-Gln-
Asp-Phe-Lys-Thr-Asp-Leu (EIA10). EIA10 decreased
lipid aggregation in vitro and significantly reduced the accumulation of
body weight gain, liver weight, and adipose tissue weight in high-fat-fed mice. Compared with the control group, the levels of total
cholesterol (TC),
triglyceride (TG),
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (
LDL),
insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of
insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the high-fat diet (HFD) group increased significantly, and the content of
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in the serum decreased significantly. On the contrary, the levels of TC, TG, and
insulin in the EIA10 group decreased significantly, and the HDL content increased significantly compared with the HFD group. Additionally, EIA10 dramatically decreased
mRNA and
protein levels of
transcription factors involved in
lipid adipogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that EIA10 could be a promising agent for the treatment and prevention of
obesity.