Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated
benzophenone derivative, is isolated from fruit rind of Garcinia indica. It is known to exert potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. In the present study, we tried to investigate the
neuroprotective effects of
garcinol on a rat model with
middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) and a cell model subjected to
oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R). In vivo, we found that the rats with
garcinol treatment showed a lower neurological deficit score and a smaller
infarct size compared with the rats with
ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury alone. We further found that
garcinol treatment decreased cerebral I/R-induced inflammatory
cytokines and oxidative stress, including inhibiting the production of
interleukin (IL)-1β,
IL-6,
tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), decreasing the levels of
malonaldehyde (MDA) and
nitric oxide (NO), and suppressing the decreased
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Moreover, the suppression of
toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nuclear NF-κB (p65) expression by
garcinol was found both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, NF-κB activator or TLR4 overexpression was employed to investigate its involvement in the effects of
garcinol. The results showed that NF-κB activator or TLR4 overexpression at least in part reversed the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of
garcinol in vitro. Taken together, the data suggest that
garcinol could protect against cerebral I/R injury through attenuating
inflammation and oxidative stress, and improving neurological function. The molecular mechanism might be related to its suppression of TLR4/NF-ĸB signal pathway.