Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. had been traditionally used as herbs to treat
pain and
rheumatism.
Cardamonin (2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone) is a compound isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.. Previous study had shown the potential of
cardamonin in inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory
cytokines such as tumour
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and
interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vitro. Thus, the possible
therapeutic effect of
cardamonin in the
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints is postulated. This study was performed to investigate the anti-arthritic properties of
cardamonin in rat model of induced RA, particularly on the inflammatory and
pain response of RA.
Rheumatoid arthritis paw
inflammation was induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of complete
Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in Sprague Dawley rats. Using four doses of
cardamonin (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0mg/kg), anti-arthritic activity was evaluated through the paw
edema,
mechanical allodynia and
thermal hyperalgesia responses.
Enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to evaluate the plasma level of TNF-α, IL-1β, and
IL-6. Histological slides were prepared from the harvested rat paws to observe the arthritic changes in the joints. Behavioral, biochemical, and histological studies showed that
cardamonin demonstrated significant inhibition on RA-induced inflammatory and
pain responses as well as progression of joint destruction in rats. ELISA results showed that there was significant inhibition in TNF-α, IL-1β, and
IL-6 levels in plasma of the
cardamonin-treated RA rats. Overall,
cardamonin possesses potential anti-arthritic properties in CFA-induced RA rat model.