Endosomal
toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated detection of viral
nucleic acids (
NAs) and production of
type I interferon (IFN-I) are key elements of
antiviral defense, while inappropriate recognition of self
NAs with the induction of IFN-I responses is linked to autoimmunity such as
psoriasis and
systemic lupus erythematosus. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are cells specialized in robust IFN-I secretion by the engagement of endosomal TLRs, and predominantly express
sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (
Siglec)-H. However, how pDCs control endosomal TLR-mediated immune responses that cause autoimmunity remains unclear. Here we show a critical role of pDCs in TLR7-mediated autoimmunity using gene-modified mice with impaired expression of
Siglec-H and selective ablation of pDCs. pDCs were shown to be indispensable for the induction of systemic
inflammation and effector T-cell responses triggered by TLR7
ligand. pDCs aggravated psoriasiform
dermatitis mediated through the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and enhanced dermal infiltration of granulocytes and γδ T cells. Furthermore, pDCs promoted the production of anti-self NA
antibodies and
glomerulonephritis in lupus-like disease by activating inflammatory monocytes. On the other hand,
Siglec-H regulated the TLR7-mediated activation of pDCs. Thus, our findings reveal that pDCs provide an essential link between TLR7-mediated innate and adaptive immunity for the initiation of IFN-I-associated autoimmune
inflammation.