Ligands

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Networked: 11285 relevant articles (388 outcomes, 1191 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Schmidt, Ann Marie: 30 articles (11/2013 - 02/2002)
2.	Steinle, Alexander: 21 articles (03/2015 - 01/2003)
3.	Moretta, Alessandro: 21 articles (05/2014 - 11/2002)
4.	Hruby, Victor J: 19 articles (11/2015 - 01/2003)
5.	Offner, Halina: 19 articles (10/2015 - 04/2004)
6.	Vandenbark, Arthur A: 19 articles (10/2015 - 04/2004)
7.	Yagita, Hideo: 18 articles (12/2015 - 01/2003)
8.	Moretta, Lorenzo: 18 articles (07/2014 - 11/2002)
9.	Mach, Robert H: 18 articles (07/2014 - 07/2005)
10.	Gonzalez, Frank J: 17 articles (08/2015 - 05/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 07/01/2013 - "Moreover, adoptive transfer of chNKG2D T cells mediated tumor protection against highly heterogeneous ovarian tumors in which 50, 20 or only 7% of tumor cells expressed significant amounts of NKG2D ligands. " 10/24/2007 - "It is noteworthy that, despite the fact that TCL-SPION does not bear any targeting ligands on its surface, it was highly effective for tumor detection in vivo by dual imaging." 06/15/2001 - "Some altered-peptide ligands (APL) of GP2 have increased binding affinity and generate improved cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition of GP2-presenting tumor cells, but most do not. " 08/01/2013 - "Secondly, we show that a combination of pattern recognition receptor ligands applied metronomically in a cancer mouse model leads to complete remission, while single pattern recognition receptor ligands slowed tumor growth. " 06/01/2013 - "We found that injection of TLR3/9 ligands (polyI:C/CpG) into a tumor during the effector phase of lentivector (lv) immunization effectively rescued the function of lv-activated CD8 TILs and decreased the percentage of T regulatory within the tumor, resulting in a marked improvement in the antitumor efficacy of lv immunization. "
2.	Pain (Aches) 10/01/2008 - "Opioid analgesic combinations administered as tethered bivalent ligands or admixture demonstrate good pain relief with improved side effect profiles. " 09/01/1998 - "Moreover, these findings offer the I2-imidazoline ligands as promising therapeutic coadjuvants in the management of chronic pain with opiate drugs." 05/01/2015 - "Large-scale bio-informatic approaches and the further development of databases of putative ligands, channel structures and putative ligand binding sites on these structures may form the basis for future experimental strategies to detect novel molecules acting to enhance K2P channel activity that would be useful in the treatment of pain. " 04/01/2013 - "Different classes of CB2 ligands potentially useful in the treatment of pain." 04/22/2014 - "An emerging approach in pain management is the use of multitarget opioid ligands, owing an improved analgesic effect coupled to a reduced incidence of side effects. "
3.	Inflammation 12/01/1999 - "We propose that these results may be important in terms of lymphocyte circulation; while T cells migrate through the vascular endothelium, they are primed for an amplified response; as inflammation develops, a local accumulation of soluble integrin ligands may help to turn it off." 01/02/2003 - "PBR expression modulation together with the protective effects of its ligands further reinforce the role that PBR may play in the regulation of inflammation processes. " 03/01/2015 - "Small-molecule ligands that target TGR5 and FXR have shown promise in treating various metabolic and inflammation-related human diseases. " 10/01/2014 - "Cutting edge: CD8+ recent thymic emigrants exhibit increased responses to low-affinity ligands and improved access to peripheral sites of inflammation." 11/01/2013 - "Since the endothelium at sites of injury and inflammation often express adhesion molecules belonging to the selectin family, methods to endow MSCs with selectin-ligands can enhance the efficacy of cell delivery and tissue engraftment. "
4.	Infection 05/01/2013 - "Results from a single-round infection with the pseudotyped virus revealed a marked decrease in HIV-1 LTR activation by the CB₂ ligands. " 07/01/2012 - "The recent progress in this field demonstrated that activation of a large number of TLR ligands is effective against viral infections in cell culture systems and animal models. " 01/01/2008 - "We have outlined ligands that have a potential to provide protection against HSV-2 infection. " 05/01/2008 - "Using the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus model, the authors found that NKG2D-positive CD8+ cytotoxic T cells enter the brain, that NKG2D ligands are expressed in the brain during acute infection, and that interruption of NKG2D ligand recognition via treatment with a function-blocking antibody attenuates the efficacy of viral clearance from the central nervous system." 08/01/2007 - "We also determined the efficacy of the CCR5 ligands against HIV-1 infection of HeLa-derived cell lines that express CD4 at the same level but vary 2-fold in CCR5 expression (JC.48 and JC.53 cells). "
5.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 01/01/2012 - "These allosteric mGluR ligands have improved properties for clinical development and have served as key preclinical tools for a more in-depth understanding of the potential roles of these different mGluR subtypes for the treatment of schizophrenia." 08/01/1996 - "Based on animal studies it has been reasoned that ligands to sigma binding sites might be effective in the treatment of schizophrenic disorders and may also be used to investigate this largely elusive disorder on a molecular level. " 08/01/2000 - "The main questions and conclusions that emerged are presented in this report, which covers the following: 1) macrobiology (what schizophrenia is in terms of definition and improved diagnostics, genetics and environment, brain structure, development, and mind), 2) cell and molecular biology (defects of the expressed disease at both the membrane and nuclear levels, molecular defects of development, neuroreceptor genes and transcriptional control, and ligands), 3) therapies (current approaches, possible targets, and animal models), and 4) newer approaches (gene expression, early treatment and prevention strategies, and other problems). " 04/01/1994 - "Thus, sigma ligands may be useful in the treatment of schizophrenia. " 01/01/1991 - "These data provide the first evidence for alterations in sigma binding sites in schizophrenia, and suggest that selective sigma ligands may be useful in the treatment of the disorder."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	PPAR gamma
2.	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR)
3.	PPAR alpha
4.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)
5.	Toll-Like Receptors (Toll-Like Receptor)
6.	Antigens
7.	Thiazolidinediones
8.	Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
9.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
10.	sigma Receptors (sigma Receptor)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Therapeutics
4.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
5.	Radiotherapy