Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Libman-Sacks Disease)

A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.

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Networked: 16725 relevant articles (479 outcomes, 1518 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Autoimmune Diseases (Autoimmune Disease)
2.	Rheumatoid Arthritis
3.	Lupus Nephritis
4.	Vasculitis (Vasculitides)
5.	Glomerulonephritis

Experts

1.	Tsokos, George C: 83 articles (01/2016 - 01/2002)
2.	Ye, Dong-Qing: 60 articles (10/2015 - 08/2008)
3.	Shoenfeld, Yehuda: 59 articles (07/2015 - 11/2002)
4.	Harley, John B: 57 articles (01/2016 - 08/2002)
5.	Pan, Hai-Feng: 55 articles (10/2015 - 08/2008)
6.	Petri, Michelle: 52 articles (12/2015 - 06/2002)
7.	James, Judith A: 45 articles (01/2016 - 02/2002)
8.	Merrill, Joan T: 45 articles (01/2016 - 07/2002)
9.	Gilkeson, Gary S: 43 articles (01/2016 - 07/2002)
10.	Niewold, Timothy B: 42 articles (01/2016 - 04/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus:

1.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2006 - "Intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy (IVCY) has been reported to be effective for the treatment of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 10/15/2001 - "Cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian failure has been reported to be protective against flares of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 09/01/2010 - "There are no controlled studies that compare the efficacy of RTX with standard treatment, such as cyclophosphamide, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 07/01/2014 - "Cyclophosphamide (CYC) has long been considered a gold standard in inducing renal remission and preventing renal flares for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 10/01/2006 - "Patients (n = 7) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and proliferative nephropathy confirmed by renal biopsy, in whom disease remission was induced with intravenous cyclophosphamide, received MMF (2 x 500 mg daily) for 3 months. "
2.	rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 10/01/2011 - "Rituximab induces a rapid and sustained remission in Colombian patients with severe and refractory systemic lupus erythematosus." 07/01/2010 - "Considerable interest in the efficacy of rituximab (a monoclonal CD20 antibody) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been generated due to its unique mode of action, culminating in a series of randomized and open trials, and case reports. " 10/01/2011 - "Rituximab appears to be effective in many studies of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with variable initial clinical response and time to relapse. " 08/01/2004 - "B cell depletion as a novel treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase I/II dose-escalation trial of rituximab." 04/01/2011 - "Rituximab has recently emerged as a novel treatment strategy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). "
3.	Antigen-Antibody Complex (Immune Complex)IBA 01/01/2013 - "Abnormalities in complement activation and clearance of immune complexes by erythrocytes are the central pathogenic mechanisms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 12/01/2005 - "Hypocomplementaemia and low expression of CR1 on erythrocytes (E) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are associated with defective clearance of circulating immune complexes (IC) and so they may have pathogenic significance. " 12/01/2000 - "Fcgamma receptor polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with disease and in vivo clearance of immune complexes." 01/01/2014 - "Despite rapid accumulation of knowledge about complex immune dysregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and major primary lupus syndromes, and a plethora of promising new treatments reaching preclinical and early clinical studies, advanced-phase trials of new biologic agents have repeatedly failed to achieve their clinical end points. " 11/01/2002 - "Studies of an Icelandic cohort showed that susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in individuals with C4A deficiency was increased only in the presence of increased concentrations of immune complexes. "
4.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 10/01/1992 - "The rate of clearance of extracellular plasma DNA in man has important implications for pathogenetic mechanisms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as for certain other clinical states. " 11/01/2004 - "Previous studies have suggested that interrupted clearance of nuclear DNA-protein complexes after cell death might initiate and propagate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 09/01/2008 - "A peptide, designated human CDR1 (hCDR1), that is based on the CDR1 of an anti-DNA Ab ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in murine models via the induction of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). " 11/01/2006 - "A peptide (hCDR1) based on the complementarity determining region-1 of an anti-DNA antibody ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in induced and spontaneous lupus models. " 01/30/2001 - "The mechanism by which a peptide based on complementarity-determining region-1 of a pathogenic anti-DNA auto-Ab ameliorates experimental systemic lupus erythematosus."
5.	AntibodiesIBA 11/01/2012 - "To evaluate serum anti-C1q antibodies as a biomarker of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flare and as a proposed noninvasive alternative to renal biopsy which is still the "gold standard" to determine renal activity in SLE. " 09/01/1994 - "Anti-Id antibodies to O-81-Id occurred spontaneously during the remission of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but rarely during an acute episode. " 11/01/2015 - "Recent studies have also shown a relatively high prevalence of these auto-antibodies in sera form Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus patients. " 03/01/2014 - "The aim was to study the association of smoking with the activity and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the production of antibodies to dsDNA. " 01/01/2014 - "In the present study, we investigated the specificity of anti-nucleic acid antibodies in the blood of subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls. "
6.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 02/01/2016 - "Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, with most patients receiving them at some point in the course of their disease. " 01/01/2011 - "The outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has dramatically improved since the introduction of corticosteroids; however, although many regimens of treatment have been supplemented, the mortality has not improved further. " 01/01/2009 - "The prognosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus has greatly improved since treatment regimens combining corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medications have been widely adopted in therapeutic strategies given to these patients. " 01/01/2007 - "currents aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus in Dakar are improved by the early diagnosis when the disease is pauci-symptomatic and by the use immunosuppressive drugs in association with corticosteroids." 01/01/2015 - "The impact of corticosteroids on the risk of organ damage in the context of clinical end points endorsed in some systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinical trials is underexplored. "
7.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2011 - "Current prednisone dosing in the treatment of young patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is largely based on achieving balance between therapeutic efficacy and toxicity, with weight-based dosing a common clinical practice. " 07/01/2000 - "A double blind placebo controlled study to evaluate 81 premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), aged 31.1 +/- 6 years, taking chronic steroid therapy, with a mean cumulative prednisone dose of 28 +/- 16.2 g. " 02/01/1969 - "[Bone biopsy studies in systemic lupus erythematosus treated with encortone]." 10/01/2015 - "Comparison of high versus low-medium prednisone doses for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with high activity at diagnosis." 04/18/2015 - "A 36-year-old woman had an 8-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and was being treated with 10 mg/d of prednisone. "
8.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 02/01/2001 - "A bispecific dsDNAxmonoclonal antibody construct for clearance of anti-dsDNA IgG in systemic lupus erythematosus." 04/01/1988 - "Abnormal clearance of soluble aggregates of human immunoglobulin G in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus." 08/01/1986 - "In view of reported delayed clearance of 51Cr labelled IgG sensitized autologous erythrocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus, we measured clearance half-time (t1/2) in 16 patients with the drug induced lupus erythematosus syndrome. " 02/01/1984 - "Defective clearance of IgG-sensitized particles has been documented in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 12/17/1982 - "Some variation in the degree of coating of cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was found although the differences were insufficient to account for the reported reduction in the clearance of IgG-coated cells in patients with this disease. "
9.	AutoantibodiesIBA 01/01/1988 - "Also no false-positive results were obtained with 20 sera from systemic lupus erythematosus patients which had high titers of cross-reactive autoantibodies. " 08/01/2004 - "Reduction of pathological autoantibodies may be useful in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 01/01/2012 - "Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by dysfunctional clearance of apoptotic debris and the development of pathogenic autoantibodies. " 03/01/2015 - "The objectives of this study were to evaluate the neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and to detect the autoantibodies associated with them. " 11/01/2014 - "Future studies aimed at elucidating the intersection between autoantibodies generated in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus and the development of HIV-1 bnAbs will further our knowledge of specific roadblocks that hamper the production of bnAbs and, ultimately, inform us on how to implement vaccine strategies to circumvent them. "
10.	mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has recently been reported to be effective in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 04/01/2012 - "Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been reported recently to be effective in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 10/01/2011 - "Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunomodulatory drug shown to be effective in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. " 04/01/2009 - "Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is effective in the treatment of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 04/01/2009 - "Mycophenolate mofetil is effective in reducing disease flares in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a retrospective study."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/2012 - "To investigate the efficacy of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (AD-MSC) transplantation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine the optimal transplantation window for stem cells either before or after disease onset. " 08/01/2015 - "Recent studies showed that allogeneic bone marrow (BM)-mesenchymal stem cells transplantation (MSCT) was effective in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and lupus-prone mice. " 03/01/2014 - "To observe the efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transplantation for the patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 08/01/2010 - "Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot clinical study." 03/15/2003 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of RLN in a large cohort of renal transplant recipients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). "
2.	Plasmapheresis 01/01/1978 - "Direct attempts to alter the levels of complexes by plasmapheresis, an effective treatment for acute exacerbations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have been disappointing in rheumatoid disease. " 05/01/2010 - "Prompt efficacy of plasmapheresis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage." 11/01/1986 - "Treatment with successive courses of plasmapheresis produced clinical and electrophysiologic improvement in her ELS, without affecting her systemic lupus erythematosus. " 02/01/2002 - "To examine the possible effect of plasmapheresis on the ratio of Th1/Th2 type cytokine-secreting cells we recruited eight patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus into the present study. " 10/01/1991 - "A group of clinics cooperating as the Lupus Plasmapheresis Study Group (LPSG) is starting an international multicenter study of the treatment of severe systemic lupus erythematosus. "
3.	Plasma Exchange 04/01/2007 - "Efficacy of plasma exchange in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus has not been supported by the results of the first non-controlled and retrospective studies. " 01/01/1985 - "The case reported concerns a child presenting with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with acute neurological symptoms who improved after plasma exchanges. " 01/01/1983 - "The effects of intensive plasma exchange on the serological and clinical manifestations of mildly active systemic lupus erythematosus were evaluated in a controlled, double-blind trial. " 01/01/1983 - "Randomised trial of plasma exchange in mild systemic lupus erythematosus." 07/01/2015 - "Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been reported to be a useful adjunct in severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but paediatric literature continues to be scanty. "
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 08/01/2003 - "At Northwestern University, a phase I/II trial of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has shown promising results. " 01/01/2013 - "The artificially positive outcomes of CDC-based crossmatches due to the underlying disease Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), however, may lead to the unjustified refusal of adequate kidney grafts. " 11/01/2002 - "The use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for in vivo B cells depletion and early trials of autologous peripheral stem cell transplants represent additional immunomodulatory treatment modalities for systemic lupus erythematosus patients. " 08/01/2013 - "Chart review found two patients; both were African-American women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), status post renal transplant, who had biopsy documented NSF. " 08/01/2011 - "The expression and activation of regulatory factors (IRF) and rinterferon (IFN) response genes were evaluated in a patient treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). "
5.	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 01/01/2009 - "Clinical trials have indicated that immunoablation followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has the potential to induce clinical remission in patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the mechanisms have remained unclear. " 11/01/2002 - "To determine the safety and long-term efficacy of immune ablation and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 12/01/2013 - "This study attempts to evaluate the outcome of autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-PBHSCT) in patients with severe paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 08/01/2003 - "Development of a phase III trial of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for systemic lupus erythematosus." 06/01/2014 - "Supplementing mesenchymal stem cells improves the therapeutic effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of murine systemic lupus erythematosus."