Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Also Known As:

Networked: 10261 relevant articles (382 outcomes, 882 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Proteinuria
2.	Nephrotic Syndrome (Syndrome, Nephrotic)
3.	Vasculitis (Vasculitides)
4.	IGA Glomerulonephritis (IGA Nephropathy)
5.	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Libman-Sacks Disease)

Experts

1.	Pusey, Charles D: 47 articles (09/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Kitching, A Richard: 45 articles (12/2015 - 02/2002)
3.	Holdsworth, Stephen R: 44 articles (12/2015 - 02/2002)
4.	Cook, H Terence: 43 articles (09/2015 - 02/2002)
5.	Sethi, Sanjeev: 26 articles (01/2016 - 08/2003)
6.	Kawachi, Hiroshi: 26 articles (01/2015 - 04/2002)
7.	Fervenza, Fernando C: 23 articles (01/2016 - 05/2004)
8.	Floege, Jürgen: 23 articles (07/2015 - 03/2002)
9.	Falk, Ronald J: 23 articles (05/2015 - 10/2002)
10.	Anders, Hans-Joachim: 22 articles (11/2015 - 02/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Glomerulonephritis:

1.	Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)IBA 01/01/2011 - "High-dose steroid therapy is very effective for ANCA-related glomerulonephritis. " 08/01/2009 - "On pathological evaluation, activity scores, chronicity indexes, relapse rates, and the frequency of positive serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) were each significantly higher, whereas complete remission rates and renal outcomes, over a mean follow-up of 4 years, were significantly poorer in patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis. " 01/01/2007 - "When judging relapse and remission in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis, it is important to evaluate the overall clinical findings and histopathological findings in addition to the serial ANCA titers." 05/01/2000 - "The next millennium will be marked by improved prognosis for ANCA-negative glomerulonephritis compared with that observed with this devastating disease in past decades." 04/01/2015 - "Future studies will try to determine if and how renal histology could be helpful in guiding treatment of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. "
2.	Antigen-Antibody Complex (Immune Complex)IBA 10/01/2005 - "Perhaps the best treatment for glomerulonephritis is the identification and correction of any underlying inflammatory, immune-mediated or neoplastic disease that results in the deposition or formation of glomerular immune complexes. " 01/01/1996 - "Glomerular structural damage expressed as glomerular damage index was significantly greater in rats with immune complex glomerulonephritis when compared with controls (immune complex glomerulonephritis 0.91 +/- 0.13; control 0.60 +/- 0.08; P < 0.05), but was uneffected by the treatment with the CEI (immune complex) glomerulonephritis + CEI 1.02 +/- 0.26; control + CEI 0.63 +/- 0.11). " 11/22/2003 - "Assuming that a decrease in CD2AP attenuates clearance of glomerular immune complexes, patients with other types of idiopathic glomerulonephritis should also have a CD2AP mutation. " 07/01/1982 - "Impairment of glomerular clearance of macroaggregates in immune complex glomerulonephritis." 08/01/2015 - "In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that the activation of NF-κB and upregulation of UCH-L1 in podocytes may be vital in podocyte injury associated with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis."
3.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2001 - "Cyclophosphamide (CYC) has proven beneficial in preserving renal function in patients with lupus with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN). " 03/01/2012 - "Our results show that pulse cyclophosphamide is an effective regimen for induction therapy in children with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. " 09/01/1999 - "All patients had severe generalized disease with pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis and received standard induction therapy with oral cyclophosphamide and OCS for a mean of 14 wk until remission was achieved. " 08/01/1998 - "We report two patients with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis who responded favorably to MMF therapy after i.v. cyclophosphamide failed." 11/01/1991 - "A few months later she developed glomerulonephritis and responded well to cyclophosphamide treatment. "
4.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 04/01/1999 - "A total of 100 microg of pCAGGSIL-12 improved the Th1/Th2 balance in vivo, suppressed the production of IgG, and significantly reduced the development of glomerulonephritis. " 01/01/2009 - "Polyclonal immunoglobulin G ameliorates the course of progressive mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in rats." 03/01/1985 - "Mature female NZB/W mice (aged 5-7 months) with early glomerulonephritis showed no differences in MPS clearance of A-IgG compared with younger NZB/W mice without glomerulonephritis. " 01/01/1985 - "The function of the mononuclear phagocyte system was assessed in vivo in 85 patients with primary and secondary glomerulonephritis, by measuring the clearance of IgG - sensitised 51Cr-labelled autologous erythrocytes. " 05/01/1984 - "In the mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis patients, the clearance rates of the IgG cells were fast-normal in six and enhanced in two, and correlated with the clearance of HDE. "
5.	CreatinineIBA 03/01/1991 - "For individual patients, as SC5b-9 concentration returned to normal there was a coincident decrease in serum creatinine concentration and urinary protein excretion, signifying clinical improvement in glomerulonephritis. " 09/01/2014 - "The serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in patients with immune-mediated glomerulonephritis with than in those without occult HCV (1.5 versus 1.1 mg/dl, respectively). " 04/01/2013 - "The renal function did not recover in children with creatinine clearance rate of less than 30 ml/(min·1.73 m(2)), who showed crescentic glomerulonephritis or sclerotic glomerulonephritis. " 10/01/2011 - "TLR3 expression correlated positively with HCV viral load, interleukin-1β, serum creatinine and inversely with creatinine clearance in patients with HCV-positive glomerulonephritis. " 04/01/2011 - "A total of 189 (113 males and 76 females) patients with idiopathic glomerulonephritis and serum creatinine of less than 150 μmol/L diagnosed between 1993 and 2004 were followed up to their last visit in 2009. "
6.	AutoantibodiesIBA 08/15/2012 - "Our data also reveal that the BALB/c background is protective against autoimmune-mediated glomerulonephritis, even in the face of high titer autoantibodies, whereas the C57BL/6 background is susceptible. " 12/01/2004 - "In contrast, a significant delay in the development of autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis was observed in C1qa(-/-) mice reconstituted with wild-type BMC, and the impaired clearance of apoptotic cells, previously described in C1qa(-/-) mice, was rectified. " 01/01/2015 - "BXD2 mice spontaneously develop autoantibodies and subsequent glomerulonephritis, offering a useful animal model to study autoimmune lupus. " 01/15/1992 - "Moreover, investigation of these autoantibodies will be of immense value in future studies focused on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in glomerulonephritis." 01/01/2015 - "The clinical improvements in Ibrutinib-treated recipients were associated with decreased serum-autoantibodies, costimulatory molecule activation, B-cell proliferation, and glomerulonephritis compared to vehicle controls. "
7.	MethylprednisoloneFDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1997 - "These results suggest that methylprednisolone pulse therapy may be very effective for the insidious type of crescentic glomerulonephritis." 01/01/2010 - "These findings indicate that methylprednisolone pulse therapy is effective in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and has an acceptably low risk of side effects." 06/01/1992 - "In an attempt to clarify the indication and efficacy of the methylprednisolone pulse therapy (1000 mg x 3 times) for rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), 3 patients with the disease were carefully followed and the clinical course during and after the treatment were precisely analysed. " 01/01/2015 - "It is worth paying more attention to patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), as they might be complicated with RPLS during intravenous administration of CTX and methylprednisolone. " 11/01/2014 - "With active bullous SLE with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis suspected, she was treated with methylprednisolone pulses without response. "
8.	antiglomerular basement membrane antibodyIBA 09/15/2009 - "This novel attenuated model allows elucidating the relative contribution of different mediator systems of the immune system to the development of renal injury, and also provides a platform for the assessment of different treatment protocols and evaluation of drugs that ultimately may be beneficial for the treatment of anti-GBM mediated glomerulonephritides." 04/15/2014 - "Galectin-9 ameliorates anti-GBM glomerulonephritis by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 immune responses in mice." 04/01/2009 - "In conclusion, blockade of JNK signaling provides substantial protection against the progression of crescentic anti-GBM glomerulonephritis, which may be, in part, due to inhibition of the macrophage proinflammatory response." 02/01/2003 - "Blockade of p38alpha MAPK ameliorates acute inflammatory renal injury in rat anti-GBM glomerulonephritis." 05/01/2013 - "In the present study, we sought to establish whether recombinant RPS19 can exert anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of anti-GBM (glomerular basement membrane) GN (glomerulonephritis) in which MIF is known to play an important role. "
9.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2001 - "There was a lower rate of remission and a high risk of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in other types of glomerulonephritis. " 05/01/1986 - "Therefore, we feel that both cyclosporin and (Nva2)-cyclosporin may be useful in the treatment of human glomerulonephritis where there is an autoimmune component." 04/01/2014 - "Biopsy after 3 months showed normal histology 54.28%, clinical rejection 11.42%, sub clinical rejection 5.7%, borderline change 5.7%, cyclosporine toxicity 5.7% & 2.8% recurrent glomerulonephritis. " 01/01/2013 - "We investigated time-dependent expression of CXCR1 and the effect of single-dose cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment on this expression in experimental mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis induced by anti-thymocyte serum (ATS). " 04/01/2009 - "Cyclosporin A using in treatment glomerulonephritis can cause neurological side effects. "
10.	Idiopathic minimal change nephrotic syndromeIBA 06/01/2003 - "Nineteen refractory nephrotic patients with minimal change disease or mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis were enrolled in this study. " 11/01/2014 - "The most common causes of primary glomerulonephritis were Minimal Change Disease (MCD) (n=267, 21.8%), diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (n=188, 15. " 07/01/2013 - "Minimal change disease/mild disease (MCD/ML), IgAN and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) were the most common pathological patterns of PGN. " 02/01/2013 - "Moreover, although there has been an unchanged total annual rate of biopsy-proven PGN (P = 0.47), there has been a significant enhancement in the incidence of minimal change disease (MCD, P = 0.04) and extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (ExGN, P = 0.03) over time primarily due to a progressive increase in the mean age of patients affected by both renal diseases. " 06/01/2010 - "Overall, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesGN) was the commonest histology (49/157, 31.2%), followed by minimal change disease (MCD) (36/157, 22.9%) and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) (26/157, 16.6%). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Plasma Exchange 01/01/2014 - "Starting plasma exchange improved her renal function and removed MPO-ANCAs, which were suspected to play the major role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. " 11/27/1981 - "The combination of plasma exchange and immunosuppression appears to result in considerable improvement of therapeutic measures in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. " 01/01/1988 - "Thus, in non-autoantibody induced rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, kidney function could be improved substantially by immunosuppressive therapy, but an advantage of supplementary plasma exchange could not be shown." 07/01/1986 - "Efficacy of plasma exchange in severe idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. " 07/01/1983 - "Improved outcome in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis by plasma exchange treatment."
2.	Plasmapheresis 05/01/1985 - "[Improvement in the prognosis of rapid progressive glomerulonephritis by plasmapheresis treatment]." 01/01/1994 - "Adjuvant plasmapheresis use in glomerulonephritis treatment needs further studies." 01/01/1991 - "A study was made of the effect produced by a short-term course of plasmapheresis (PA) combined with cytostatic, glucocorticoid and deaggregation therapy on the clinico-laboratory characteristics in 45 patients suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). " 01/01/1977 - "Drainage of the thoracic duct and plasmapheresis may be of benefit in the treatment of glomerulonephritis, but their proper utilization requires further studies." 07/01/2008 - "On 12th day of admission rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis was diagnosed and she received plasmapheresis and haemodialysis support. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 11/01/1981 - "Twenty-one of the 29 patients with severe proliferative glomerulonephritis had sustained improvement in renal function after treatment. " 03/31/1937 - "Histological study of those animals which die from 3 to 11 months after treatment reveals a chronic progressive glomerulonephritis with generalized vascular lesions." 01/01/2011 - "Among glomerular macrophages, the CD163(+) subset was significantly increased after treatment, suggesting that Treg cells may modulate the phenotype of macrophages leading to resolution of glomerulonephritis. " 01/01/1978 - "It is reported on 37 patients in whom on the basis of the clinical suspicion of a glomerulonephritis a biopsy of the kidneys was carried out, and after treatment in these patients a rebiopsy was carried out 21 months later in order to examine clinical and histological changes during this period. " 12/30/1975 - "Results of three months' treatment of 10 glomerulonephritic, 10 normal guinea pigs and of 10 normal rats with imurek (20 mg/kg/day) were as follows: 1. The morphological picture of glomerulonephritis was demonstrable even three months after treatment with imurek. "
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 01/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of therapeutic interventions undertaken in post-transplant glomerulonephritis. " 01/01/2009 - "Five months after the withdrawal of EV, a third graft biopsy showed remission of the necrotizing glomerulonephritis. " 04/01/2012 - "We performed a retrospective, single-center study to evaluate the effect of recurrent glomerulonephritis (GN) and ARE on outcomes of grafts with zero HLA-mismatches (n = 122) versus three to four mismatches (n = 317), and five to six mismatches (n = 102). " 06/15/2009 - "A 6-month observational study was conducted in a total of 51 patients, 35 with glomerulonephritis and 16 with kidney transplants. " 01/01/2004 - "As grafts last longer and recurrent glomerulonephritis becomes a more significant entity, affecting greater numbers of patients, the opportunity to study management prospectively will be possible. "
5.	Kidney Transplantation 11/01/2015 - "Likely Recurrence of C3 Glomerulonephritis in Kidney Transplantation: An Entity to Bear in Mind: Case Report." 10/01/2015 - "Recurrent Glomerulonephritis in Renal Transplantation: Experience in Our Renal Transplantation Center." 03/01/2015 - "It is important to state that glomerulonephritis as the primary renal disorder does not represent a contraindication for kidney transplantation, including living kidney donation. " 11/01/2013 - "Statin use after renal transplantation improves long-term outcome and reduces the incidence of glomerulonephritis. " 10/01/2013 - "Recurrence of glomerulonephritis after renal transplantation."