Prostatic acid phosphatase (ACPP) is a
glycoprotein that is mainly synthesized and secreted by glandular epithelial cells (GE) of the prostate, and it is well known as a
biomarker for
prostate cancer. Although ACPP was used as prognostic/diagnostic
indicator and studied to elucidate regulatory mechanism(s) during several decades in humans, its role is not clearly understood. Gene profiling data using a chicken
DNA microarray revealed that ACPP increased significantly during remodeling and recrudescence of the oviduct in response to
estrogen. Thus, in this study, we investigated the expression and hormonal regulation of ACPP gene in the reproductive tracts of chickens. ACPP was specifically detected in the
luminal cells (LE) and GE of chicken oviduct, and
diethylstilbestrol (a synthetic nonsteroidal
estrogen) stimulated its expression during development of the oviduct. In addition, ACPP
mRNA and
protein were localized to LE and GE during the regeneration phase of the oviduct of laying hens during induced molting. Furthermore, ACPP
mRNA and
protein were abundant in GE of ovarian
carcinoma, but not in normal ovaries. Moreover, strong expression of ACPP
protein was detected in epithelial cells of cancerous ovaries from women. Collectively, results of the present study are the first to show that ACPP is a novel
estrogen-stimulated gene in the oviductal epithelial cells of the chicken and that its expression increases significantly in epithelial cells of ovarian
carcinoma, which indicates that it may be a candidate
biomarker for diagnosis of epithelia-derived
ovarian cancer in women.