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Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)

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Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Also Known As:

Surrogate Marker; Surrogate Endpoint; Surrogate Markers; Surrogate End Points; Biological Marker; Biochemical Marker; Biologic Marker; Biologic Markers; Biomarkers; Clinical Marker; Immune Marker; Immune Markers; Immunologic Marker; Laboratory Marker; Marker, Biochemical; Marker, Biological; Marker, Clinical; Marker, Immunologic; Marker, Laboratory; Marker, Serum; Marker, Surrogate; Serum Marker; Surrogate End Point; Surrogate Endpoints; Viral Marker; End Point, Surrogate; End Points, Surrogate; Endpoint, Surrogate; Endpoints, Surrogate; Marker, Biologic; Marker, Immune; Marker, Viral; Markers, Biologic; Markers, Immune; Biochemical Markers; Clinical Markers; Immunologic Markers; Laboratory Markers; Markers, Biochemical; Markers, Biological; Markers, Clinical; Markers, Immunologic; Markers, Laboratory; Markers, Serum; Markers, Surrogate; Markers, Viral; Serum Markers; Viral Markers

Networked: 56388 relevant articles (2092 outcomes, 9630 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Blennow, Kaj: 178 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Zetterberg, Henrik: 160 articles (12/2015 - 11/2005)
3.	Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: 111 articles (01/2016 - 01/2009)
4.	Diamandis, Eleftherios P: 110 articles (07/2015 - 05/2002)
5.	Trojanowski, John Q: 79 articles (12/2015 - 07/2003)
6.	Zhang, Wei: 72 articles (12/2015 - 04/2002)
7.	Hampel, Harald: 69 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
8.	Shaw, Leslie M: 59 articles (12/2015 - 04/2007)
9.	Zhang, Jing: 56 articles (12/2015 - 05/2003)
10.	Januzzi, James L: 56 articles (09/2015 - 05/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/1996 - "Short-term clinical trials then determine optimal dosing and characterize the efficacy of the best agents against intermediate biomarkers of cancer. " 01/01/2015 - "In medical practice, biomarkers can be helpful in finding out one's potential cancer risk, confirming whether or not one is already affected with a particular type of cancer, to which drug will the cancer respond best and in what doses should it be administered, the effectiveness of the treatment and whether the cancer will recur. " 01/01/2015 - "Current clinically approved cancer biomarkers are most effective when applied to patients with widespread cancer. " 01/01/2014 - "Antiangiogenic strategies directed towards tumor stroma are becoming gold standard in NSCLC treatment and researchers have been searching for biomarkers to identify patients for whom therapy with antiangiogenic inhibitors may be most beneficial and the importance of these as prognostic factors in NSCLC. " 08/01/2013 - "Since response to treatments is conditioned by individual factors, the use of new biological markers as novel predictive factors for both tumor and normal tissues could help clinicians to choose the best treatment schedule for each patient individually. "
2.	Inflammation 06/01/2009 - "Finally, indications suggest that the increased risk associated with inflammation may be modified with certain preventive therapies and biomarkers may help to identify the individuals who would benefit most from these interventions." 05/01/2007 - "Moreover, several studies in different species have shown that limited energy intake is associated with less inflammation, improved biomarkers of health and a marked increase in longevity. " 01/01/2014 - "Biological markers of MetS and inflammation as well as RV GLS (-21.8 ± 3.8 vs -24.3 ± 3.0%, P = 0.009) and systolic (P = 0.003) and early diastolic (P = 0.01) SR, but not TDI indexes, significantly improved after diet and exercise training, and vector velocity imaging data in MetS following the lifestyle intervention no longer differed from controls. " 01/01/2013 - "There was a significant improvement in biomarkers of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation compared with baseline and placebo. " 01/01/2011 - "Inclusion of multiple inflammation-related biomarkers into a basic model and into a model including cardiometabolic risk factors significantly improved the prediction of type 2 diabetes and coronary events, although the improvement was less pronounced for the latter endpoint."
3.	Disease Progression 01/01/2009 - "In view of such significant correlations, we conclude that these specific microvascular abnormalities can serve as unique physiologic markers of endothelial dysfunction to correlate with the biochemical markers of inflammatory/endothelial dysfunction in disease progression and therapeutic efficacy studies." 01/01/2014 - "Nevertheless, the realization that all of these efforts seek to pursue an effective treatment and cure for the disease has spurred a significant interest in the development of promising biomarkers of cell death to early diagnose disease and accurately predict disease progression and outcome. " 04/19/2013 - "Nevertheless, urinary metabolites have not been extensively explored as a source of biomarkers for MS. We demonstrate that urinary metabolites have significant promise for monitoring disease-progression, and response to treatment in MS patients. " 01/01/2013 - "Good biomarkers for PD could be helpful for early diagnosis, management and tracking of disease progression. " 07/01/2012 - "Also we found that SD-OCT is superior to TD-OCT for detecting anterior visual pathway damage in MS. This makes both color-visual measures and SD-OCT strong candidate biomarkers of disease progression."
4.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer) 12/01/2006 - "Promising results are obtained using these emerging methods and these novel biomarkers should be validated in the future and will have an important impact for the management of breast cancer patients." 01/01/2010 - "The Exercise Intensity Trial (EXcITe) is a randomized trial to compare the efficacy of supervised moderate-intensity aerobic training to moderate to high-intensity aerobic training, relative to attention control, on aerobic capacity, physiologic mechanisms, patient-reported outcomes, and biomarkers in women with operable breast cancer following the completion of definitive adjuvant therapy. " 05/01/2015 - "Even though pCR was not validated as a surrogate endpoint for long-term outcomes, the promising data regarding the strong association of pCR with substantially improved outcomes in individual patients with more aggressive subtypes of breast cancer supported the opening of an accelerated approval pathway for patients with high-risk, early-stage breast cancer." 02/01/2010 - "Clinically useful biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer could lead to a significant reduction in mortality. " 06/01/2008 - "The medical metabonomics concept based on the urinary nucleoside profile reveals a significantly improved classification compared with currently applied breast cancer biomarkers such as CA15-3."
5.	Prostatic Neoplasms (Prostate Cancer) 12/01/2014 - "Prostate cancer is significantly heterogeneous between individuals and useful biomarkers for deciding the best treatment are unavailable yet. " 09/15/2014 - "Successful therapy of patients with prostate cancer is highly dependent on reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. " 01/01/2012 - "Identification of new, improved prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer and the finding of better treatment strategies for metastatic prostate cancer is therefore highly warranted. " 04/01/2014 - "A major focus in urologic research is the identification of new biomarkers with improved specificity for clinically-significant prostate cancer. " 01/01/2014 - "The metabolomic analysis of metabolites, detected by high-resolution NMR, may help to identify metabolites which could serve as useful biomarkers for prostate cancer detection. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)
2.	MicroRNAs (MicroRNA)
3.	C-Reactive Protein
4.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
5.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
6.	Antigens
7.	Glucose (Dextrose)
8.	Insulin (Novolin)
9.	Cytokines
10.	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGF Receptor)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Therapeutics
3.	Chemoprevention
4.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
5.	Immunotherapy