Phenobarbital (Luminal)

A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.

Also Known As:

Networked: 13192 relevant articles (503 outcomes, 1034 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Perou, Charles M: 69 articles (07/2015 - 07/2003)
2.	Luszczki, Jarogniew J: 33 articles (09/2015 - 05/2003)
3.	Reis-Filho, Jorge S: 26 articles (05/2015 - 05/2004)
4.	Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise: 25 articles (04/2015 - 07/2003)
5.	Czuczwar, Stanislaw J: 24 articles (12/2011 - 06/2002)
6.	Serruys, Patrick W: 23 articles (12/2015 - 06/2002)
7.	Ellis, Ian O: 23 articles (09/2015 - 06/2004)
8.	Troester, Melissa A: 22 articles (12/2015 - 06/2004)
9.	Jukema, J Wouter: 22 articles (08/2012 - 01/2002)
10.	Czuczwar, Stanisław J: 21 articles (06/2014 - 08/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Seizure) 04/01/1998 - "A marked improvement could be observed for most of the patients treated with phenobarbitone in terms of reduction of seizure frequency although complete seizure control was achieved in only a few." 12/01/2011 - "Our findings demonstrate pronounced cell death in several important regions of the rat limbic system following neonatal administration of phenobarbital, the first-line treatment for neonatal seizures in humans. " 08/01/1977 - "Complete protection against IPS-induced seizures was observed for a period of 6 h after acute phenobarbital administration during which the mean plasma phenobarbital concentrations were between 16.2 +/- 0.91 and 13.6 +/- 1.0 microgram/lm. " 03/01/2015 - "This compound was effective in delaying onset of PTZ-evoked seizures at the dose of 5mg/kg in kindled animals and significantly reduced oxidative stress better than standard drug phenobarbital (PB). " 11/01/2014 - "Available data suggests that phenobarbital is as effective as other first-line drugs for treating tonic-clonic seizures, but side effect reports differ widely between high and low-income settings. "
2.	Pathologic Constriction (Stenosis) 12/01/2015 - "Minimal luminal diameter or percent stenosis improved significantly from baseline after 2 BU runs, but no further gain was seen between 2 and 4 BU runs (P > .05). " 09/01/2013 - "Using the CARD technique, needle knife dissection and APC, individually or in combination, luminal patency of occlusive esophageal strictures can be accomplished safely with good results." 06/01/2010 - "Using DSA as the "gold standard," sensitivities and specificities for detecting significant arterial stenoses (>/=50% luminal narrowing) with first-pass WB-MRA, SS-MRA, and combined first-pass and SS-MRA were calculated. " 10/15/2008 - "We compared both quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and MSCT to the gold standard for a significant stenosis-minimum luminal area (MLA) by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-in 51 patients (64 +/- 10 years old, 19 men) with 69 angiographically ambiguous, nonleft main lesions. " 03/21/2006 - "In coronary arteries with <50% stenosis, there were no temporal changes in luminal and plaque dimensions measured by quantitative coronary angiography or IVUS; however, a significant reduction in abnormal strain pattern was detected on palpography (density high strain spots/cm: 1.6 +/- 1.5 vs. 1.2 +/- 1.4, p = 0.0123. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 04/01/2013 - "To the best of our knowledge, we have shown for the first time that MMP-2(-) in stromal fibroblasts might indicate poor survivors in the group of patients with grade 3 tumors and that the cumulative effect of both above-mentioned parameters might be helpful in selecting the high-risk individuals from the group of patients with luminal B subtype/HER2(+)/triple negative phenotype identified according to St Gallen recommendations." 01/01/2013 - "Luminal A tumors are the most frequent subtype in MBC, with a better outcome than Luminal B subtype. " 10/01/2012 - "'Luminal A' tumors presented with the best outcome parameters but the effect weakened at longer follow-up. " 02/01/2012 - "Patients with luminal A tumors had the best prognosis, with improved disease-free survival (log-rank, P = 0.033) and overall survival (P = 0.006) compared with the other three tumor subtypes. " 01/01/2012 - "Among 232 luminal A and 49 CBP cancers associated with evaluable TDLUs, CBP tumors were associated with significantly greater average number of acini per TDLU (odds ratio (OR) = 3.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.36 to 8.32, P = 0.009) and larger average TDLU diameter (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.08 to 5.74, P = 0.03; comparing highest to lowest group, adjusted for age and study site). "
4.	Crohn Disease (Crohn's Disease) 08/01/2014 - "Dietary therapy involving PEN with an exclusion diet seems to lead to high remission rates in early mild-to-moderate luminal Crohn's disease in children and young adults." 05/16/2009 - "The authors conclude that the three above-mentioned agents are effective in luminal Crohn's disease. " 05/01/2013 - "Mucosal healing at 3 months predicts long-term endoscopic remission in anti-TNF-treated luminal Crohn's disease." 09/01/2009 - "Eligible patients had active steroid-dependent luminal Crohn's disease and received IFX (5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, and 6 for induction and then scheduled q8 week for remission maintenance). " 01/01/1997 - "Improved localizing method of radiopill in measurement of entire gastrointestinal pH profiles: colonic luminal pH in normal subjects and patients with Crohn's disease."
5.	Epilepsy (Aura) 01/01/2002 - "Low doses of phenobarbital were very effective against epilepsy. " 09/01/2006 - "High-dose phenobarbital therapy is effective for refractory epilepsy in patients complicated by respiratory distress. " 12/01/2012 - "Phenobarbital is an effective treatment for epilepsy but concerns remain over its potential neurocognitive toxicity. " 01/01/1987 - "Seventy-five children with different nutritional status, who were receiving phenobarbitone for treatment of various seizure disorders, were monitored for their plasma steady state level, therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. " 05/23/2006 - "[Evaluation of the efficacy of phenobarbital in treatment of epilepsy in rural areas: study of 2455 patients in rural China]."

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3.	Valproic Acid (Valproate, Semisodium)
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5.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)
6.	infliximab (Remicade)
7.	Primidone (Sertan)
8.	Clonazepam (Rivotril)
9.	Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
10.	adalimumab (Humira)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant)
2.	Stents
3.	Balloon Angioplasty
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
5.	Lasers (Laser)