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Cystatins

A homologous group of endogenous CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS. The cystatins inhibit most CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES such as PAPAIN, and other peptidases which have a sulfhydryl group at the active site.

Also Known As:

Cystatin-Related Proteins; Stefins; Type 1 Cystatins; Type 2 Cystatins; Type 3 Cystatins; Type I Cystatins; Type II Cystatins; Type III Cystatins; Cystatin Related Proteins; Cystatins, Type 1; Cystatins, Type 2; Cystatins, Type 3; Cystatins, Type I; Cystatins, Type II; Cystatins, Type III; Cystatin Superfamily

Networked: 106 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Proteins: 90489
  - Cystatins: 106

Experts

1.	Kos, Janko: 7 articles (11/2013 - 05/2002)
2.	Abrahamson, Magnus: 5 articles (11/2010 - 01/2003)
3.	Lah, Tamara T: 4 articles (10/2012 - 05/2002)
4.	Zerovnik, Eva: 4 articles (01/2010 - 03/2007)
5.	Kos, J: 4 articles (11/2008 - 01/2000)
6.	Grubb, A: 3 articles (06/2005 - 05/2000)
7.	Lerner, U H: 3 articles (06/2005 - 05/2000)
8.	Smid, Lojze: 2 articles (11/2013 - 08/2007)
9.	Aničin, Aleksandar: 2 articles (11/2013 - 10/2011)
10.	Strojan, Primož: 2 articles (11/2013 - 10/2011)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2009 - "In addition, several members of the type 3 cystatins have been implicated in tumor growth and shown to regulate endothelial cell function and formation of new blood vessels, angiogenesis. " 01/01/2009 - "The levels of the cystatins can vary quite widely in different cancers. " 01/01/2009 - "Cystatins and cancer." 01/01/2009 - "This review summarizes the biological processes in which cystatins function, focuses on the neoplastic events that involve aberrant regulation of cystatins, and discusses the possible epigenetic regulation of cystatins in cancer." 01/01/2009 - "Cystatins are epigenetically silenced through DNA methylation-dependent mechanisms in several forms of cancer, including breast, pancreatic, brain, and lung. "
2.	Multiple Sclerosis 11/01/2011 - "Cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors cystatins: expression and modulation in multiple sclerosis." 11/01/2011 - "In the present study, we evaluated whether expression levels of cathepsins S and B and their inhibitors cystatins B and C are affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) disease state (relapse and remission) and therapies (interferon-β [IFN-β] and the glucocorticoid [GC] methylprednisolone), and whether they are associated with the IFN-β response phenotype. "
3.	Sarcoma (Soft Tissue Sarcoma) 10/13/1989 - "This reduced inhibitory capacity in sarcoma was not due to a reduction in either the concentrations or specific activities of the cystatins or an absence of any family or isoform of cystatins. " 10/13/1989 - "Stefins B from liver and sarcoma exhibited comparable inhibition of papain and cathepsin B. " 10/13/1989 - "An extract of cystatins from sarcoma was less effective against papain and cathepsin B (liver or tumor) than was an extract from liver. "
4.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis) 01/01/1999 - "The protein coded by this gene was named cystatin-like metastasis-associated protein (CMAP) and showed 22.1-28.1% homology to human family 2 cystatins. " 01/01/2009 - "Recent studies have shown cystatins can block invasion or metastasis of different cancers in experimental systems. " 04/28/2006 - "Due to the space limitations, the author will discuss here the most recent findings that suggest that some of the single-domain, cytoplasmic and cell-secreted cystatins may play important roles in the promotion or suppression of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. " 11/01/1998 - "We have proposed that an imbalance between cathepsins and cystatins, associated with metastatic tumor cell phenotype, may facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. " 02/01/1998 - "We proposed that an imbalance between cathepsins and cystatins, associated with the metastatic tumor cell phenotype, may facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastasis and be responsible for early relapse of the disease after removal of the primary tumor. "
5.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis) 01/01/1998 - "Leupeptin, a small inhibitor of CB, was capable to protect CB in lung carcinoma and lung parenchyma extracts from preincubation-induced inhibition, revealing an active-site directed and competitive nature of CB inhibition by endogenous cystatins. " 06/01/1996 - "Our data indicate that cathepsins B, H, L and stefins A and B might have prognostic value in head and neck carcinoma." 06/01/1996 - "Prognostic value of cathepsins B, H, L, D and their endogenous inhibitors stefins A and B in head and neck carcinoma." 07/01/1992 - "Cystatins and cathepsins in breast carcinoma." 01/02/1992 - "Stefins and lysosomal cathepsins B, L and D in human breast carcinoma."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Cathepsins
2.	Methylprednisolone
3.	Interferons
4.	Cathepsin B
5.	Cystatin B
6.	Papain
7.	Cystatin A
8.	Cysteine (L-Cysteine)
9.	Cathepsin K
10.	Egg Proteins

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunomodulation
2.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
3.	Lasers (Laser)