Sodium

An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. With a valence of 1, it has a strong affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements. Sodium provides the chief cation of the extracellular body fluids. Its salts are the most widely used in medicine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Physiologically the sodium ion plays a major role in blood pressure regulation, maintenance of fluid volume, and electrolyte balance.

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Networked: 24332 relevant articles (925 outcomes, 2558 trials/studies)

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Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Appel, Lawrence J: 32 articles (03/2015 - 10/2002)
2.	Jose, Pedro A: 28 articles (01/2015 - 03/2002)
3.	Navis, Gerjan: 24 articles (12/2015 - 04/2002)
4.	Belardinelli, Luiz: 24 articles (12/2015 - 08/2004)
5.	Nielsen, Søren: 22 articles (01/2015 - 02/2002)
6.	Ginès, Pere: 22 articles (01/2015 - 06/2004)
7.	Burnier, Michel: 21 articles (12/2015 - 02/2002)
8.	Gheorghiade, Mihai: 20 articles (01/2015 - 06/2003)
9.	Bianchi, Giuseppe: 20 articles (07/2011 - 12/2002)
10.	Frøkiaer, Jørgen: 18 articles (01/2010 - 03/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 08/01/1991 - "A marked reduction of sodium intake is effective in treating even severe hypertension. " 07/01/2014 - "We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and Health Technology Assessment to identify randomized controlled trials of dietary counseling for salt intake reduction that reported significant reduction in 24-h urinary sodium and blood pressure levels among adults with untreated hypertension. " 07/01/2001 - "Increased nasal potential difference measurements may reflect generalized upregulation of sodium transport in black people compared with white people, which may help to explain the high prevalence of hypertension in black people but would not explain differences in blood pressure within separate ethnic groups." 12/01/1999 - "In response to hyperinsulinaemia, renal sodium clearance decreased to a significantly greater extent in the hypertension-prone subjects [0.57 (0.74, 0.36) ml.min(-1).1.73 m(2) (median and quartiles)] than in the controls [0.34 (0.56, 0.18) ml. min(-1).1.73 m(2)] (P=0.04). " 10/11/1996 - "Forty percent of our patients had their blood pressure effectively controlled (more than 10 mmHg reduction in mean blood pressure), being the hypotensive effect more evident in patients with recent hypertension and in those where the reduction in intraerythrocyte sodium was significantly greater than in the non-responder individuals. "
2.	Pain (Aches) 10/01/1993 - "While the addition of an extra 10 g/day of sodium to the diet had no overall effect on resting cardiovascular activity, it produced significantly greater diastolic blood pressure and smaller heart rate responses to the pain stimuli. " 12/17/2015 - "These results indicate that TTX-sensitive sodium currents in nociceptors play a central role in diverse states of skeletal muscle nociceptive sensitization, supporting the suggestion that therapeutic interventions based on TTX may prove useful in the treatment of muscle pain. " 01/01/2009 - "The results obtained in this study suggest that Sodium lauryl sulphate cream might be useful in local pain conditions and may be an effective alternative to the presently used systemic routes." 01/01/2000 - "The groups did not differ significantly from each other in the beginning of the study in any other parameters except in pain and urine sodium. " 09/01/2015 - "After three dimensional conformal radiation therapy with or without sodium glycididazole (800 mg/m²) for sensitization, the results of recent clinical efficacy, relief of pain, and Karnofsky score were obtained. "
3.	Colitis 11/01/2014 - "Safety and activity of dersalazine sodium in patients with mild-to-moderate active colitis: double-blind randomized proof of concept study." 04/01/2007 - "Our aim was to compare the localization of endogenous TFFs and binding sites for injected TFF3 in the colon of healthy and colitic mice and to study the effect of TFF3 on dextrane sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. " 07/01/1999 - "Aim of this study was to assess the structural, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and clinical aspects in Sprague-Dawley rats with dextrane sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. " 01/01/2015 - "Colitis was induced by Dextransulfate-Sodium-Salt (DSS) in drinking water. " 10/01/2014 - "Furthermore, we showed LXR expression to be increased in vivo in dextrane sulphate sodium-induced colitis. "
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2015 - "Severe hyponatraemia in cancer is associated with very poor survival, but correction of the sodium level leads to additional treatment and significantly greater overall survival (although it is not possible to determine if this is due to specific therapy of the hyponatraemia or the resolving hyponatraemia reflects an improvement in the clinical condition). " 11/01/2008 - "But at the end of the therapy, the chemoradiotherapy plus sodium glycididazole group showed a significantly higher rate of complete tumor remission than the chemoradiotherapy group (93.3% vs 73.33%, chi(2)=4.32, P=0.038). " 12/01/2006 - "Diffusion imaging and, more recently, sodium MRI have demonstrated their distinct abilities to detect therapy-induced alterations in tumor cellularity, which has been demonstrated to be indicative of therapeutic efficacy. " 01/01/1983 - "ADH values after therapy were normal, and all patients maintained a normal serum sodium during the period of tumor remission in spite of unrestricted fluid intake. " 12/01/2013 - "Forty-six unselected cancer patients with serum sodium concentrations permanently below 135 mmol/L were included in this study. "
5.	Hyponatremia 01/01/2011 - "In short-term (7-day) treatment with the drug, serum sodium concentration (mean ± standard deviation) significantly (P = 0.002) increased from 122.8 ± 6.7 to 133.3 ± 8.3 mEq/l, and symptoms due to hyponatremia were improved. " 05/15/2002 - "As large water loads may result in severe hyponatremia in these patients, moderate fluid restriction appears to be effective in long-term management even after stabilization/normalization of serum sodium. " 11/13/1980 - "Chronic hyponatremia (serum sodium, 120 to 125 mmol per liter) reduced the frequency of painful crises, whereas acutely induced hyponatremia abbreviated the duration of crises. " 08/01/2015 - "Initial hyponatremia occurred in 8.71% (n = 53), and persistent hyponatremia (> 6 months of low serum sodium) in 4.1% (n = 25) of the study population. " 01/01/2015 - "A Medline, Embase and Cochrane search was performed to retrieve all English-language studies of human subjects published up to June 30th 2014, using the following words: "hyponatremia", "hyponatraemia", "mortality", "morbidity" and "sodium". "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Potassium
2.	Naproxen (Naprosyn)
3.	Butyrates (Butyrate)
4.	Dextrans (Dextran)
5.	Calcium
6.	Glucose (Dextrose)
7.	Renin
8.	Aldosterone
9.	Creatinine
10.	Lithium

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Fluid Therapy (Oral Rehydration Therapy)
3.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
4.	Injections
5.	Oral Administration