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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY)

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A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

Also Known As:

MODY; Diabetes Mellitus, Type II; NIDDM; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes Mellitus, Non Insulin Dependent; Diabetes Mellitus, Noninsulin Dependent; Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Adult Onset; Diabetes Mellitus, Ketosis Resistant; Diabetes Mellitus, Maturity Onset; Diabetes Mellitus, Slow Onset; Ketosis-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus; Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Slow-Onset Diabetes Mellitus; Stable Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset; Diabetes Mellitus, Ketosis-Resistant; Diabetes Mellitus, Maturity-Onset; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent; Diabetes Mellitus, Slow-Onset; Diabetes Mellitus, Stable; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus

Networked: 19715 relevant articles (1123 outcomes, 3802 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY)
2.	Obesity
3.	Weight Loss (Weight Reduction)
4.	Insulin Resistance
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Experts

1.	Derosa, Giuseppe: 37 articles (11/2015 - 02/2003)
2.	Dullaart, Robin P F: 28 articles (01/2016 - 01/2003)
3.	Mohan, Viswanathan: 28 articles (08/2015 - 10/2005)
4.	Forst, Thomas: 28 articles (06/2015 - 01/2004)
5.	Vilsbøll, Tina: 25 articles (08/2015 - 11/2004)
6.	Kawamori, Ryuzo: 24 articles (12/2015 - 12/2002)
7.	Lee, Hyun Chul: 24 articles (03/2015 - 01/2005)
8.	Pfützner, Andreas: 24 articles (10/2014 - 01/2004)
9.	Ahn, Chul Woo: 24 articles (06/2014 - 01/2005)
10.	de Zeeuw, Dick: 22 articles (09/2015 - 04/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:

1.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "Insulin injection therapy is one of the most effective treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). " 08/01/2012 - "Insulin is the most effective treatment for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 06/01/1990 - "Most non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients are also unlikely to have meaningful improvement in glycemic regulation on insulin-sulfonylurea therapy. " 03/01/1998 - "To date, insulin is the only hypoglycaemic agent which has been proven both effective and safe in NIDDM patients with cardiovascular complications. " 09/01/2013 - "RC treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity index (K(ITT)) which was significantly decreased in NIDDM control rats. "
2.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2004 - "Although there is widespread use of herbal dietary supplements that are believed to benefit type 2 diabetes mellitus, few have been proven to do so in properly designed randomized trials; their efficacy for intermediate-term glucose control remains unclear. " 08/08/2011 - "Previous studies demonstrated that intensive lifestyle modification can prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus among those with impaired glucose tolerance, but similar beneficial results have not been proved among those with impaired fasting glucose levels. " 09/01/2011 - "In subgroup analysis, alpha-GIs therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the annual progression of carotid IMT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (WMD, -0.08 mm/year, 95% CI -0.10, -0.06; P<0.00001), and in the progression of carotid IMT in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) at the end of follow-up (WMD, -0.03 mm, 95% CI -0.05, -0.01; P=0.01). " 11/01/1997 - "While the evidence is substantial that aerobic exercise training can reduce the risk of impaired glucose tolerance and NIDDM, the evidence that exercise training is beneficial in the treatment of NIDDM is not particularly strong. " 02/21/1987 - "In contrast, the patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus showed a significant improvement in their glucose tolerance, which paralleled the severity of their diabetes. "
3.	Metformin (Glucophage)FDA LinkGeneric 05/15/2015 - "This study investigated safety and efficacy of GSK256073, an in vitro potent, selective GPR109A agonist, for treatment of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) poorly controlled with metformin alone. " 01/01/2012 - "The results of this study suggest that WSF of DC may be beneficial in diabetic patients to improve glycemic control but should not be coadministered with metformin HCl for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus." 01/01/2015 - "Biguanide metformin, which is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and shows a pronounced cardio- and neuroprotective effects. " 01/01/2015 - "Metformin is a well-established, effective agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 02/01/2011 - "Metformin is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. "
4.	Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar)IBA 01/01/2012 - "In addition to the lipid-lowering effect of bile acid sequestrants (BASs), they also lower blood glucose and, therefore, could be beneficial in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). " 01/01/2000 - "A multicentric study by the Indian Council of Medical Research showed that a preparation from Pterocarpus marsupium was effective in reducing levels of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. " 05/20/2006 - "The efficacy of self-measurement of capillary blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is not fully established. " 01/01/2011 - "A brief review of results of prospective randomized studies on the efficacy of reduction of blood glucose levels for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus complications delivered at the 68th Congress of American Diabetic Association (June 2008). " 04/01/2006 - "The randomized clinical trials performed to date provided positive results on the effectiveness of interventions with self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus. "
5.	Acarbose FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2005 - "The STOP-NIDDM trial confirmed the efficacy of acarbose in decreasing the risk of diabetes by 36% in similar high risk population. " 01/01/2006 - "The STOP-NIDDM Trial demonstrated that, in subjects with IGT, acarbose treatment was effective in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. " 02/16/1997 - "Acarbose was shown to be effective in treating NIDDM and to be safe and well-tolerated." 03/01/1989 - "These findings demonstrate that acarbose is effective in moderating the metabolic effects of NIDDM in this diabetic rodent model, and suggest that acarbose may have potential in the management of NIDDM in humans." 02/01/1996 - "These results indicate that treatment with acarbose is safe and effective in adjunct to dietary therapy for the treatment of NIDDM."
6.	pioglitazone (Actos)FDA Link 01/01/2013 - "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone previously used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has also been demonstrated to be effective in anti-inflammatory reaction and anti-oxidative stress in the animal models of AD and other neuroinflammatory diseases. " 01/01/2013 - "Pioglitazone is a PPARγ agonist that is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 09/01/2000 - "These data suggest pioglitazone to be effective in reducing UAE and urinary ET-1 concentrations in NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria." 10/01/2011 - "The renal and cerebral protective effects of pioglitazone were assessed in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). " 10/01/2007 - "The aim of this study is to explore appropriate indicators for the efficacy of pioglitazone (Pio) before and during treatment of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). "
7.	sitagliptin (Januvia)FDA Link 08/01/2011 - "Sitagliptin combination therapy for 14 weeks significantly improved glycemic control and was well-tolerated in Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus." 11/01/2006 - "Sitagliptin significantly improved glycaemic control and was well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had inadequate glycaemic control on exercise and diet." 06/01/2011 - "Response: predictive clinical parameters for the therapeutic efficacy of sitagliptin in korean type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes metab j 2011;35:159-65)." 06/01/2011 - "Letter: predictive clinical parameters for the therapeutic efficacy of sitagliptin in korean type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes metab j 2011;35:159-65)." 04/01/2011 - "Predictive clinical parameters for the therapeutic efficacy of sitagliptin in korean type 2 diabetes mellitus."
8.	Glyburide (Glibenclamide)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2002 - "Compared with glyburide, Mix75/25 significantly improved glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, could be administered after meals without compromising glycemic control, and was well tolerated." 08/01/2011 - "The type 2 diabetes mellitus patients participating in this study with variant genotypes of CYP2C9 were found to respond better to treatment with glibenclamide than those with the normal genotype. " 08/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 on the response to glibenclamide and on glibenclamide plasma levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. " 03/01/1998 - "In this study nine patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were subjected to four treatments in random order on separate days: (A) endurance exercise after the administration of 3.5 mg glibenclamide; (B) as A but given only 1.75 mg glibenclamide; (C) as A but with placebo; (D) rest and administration of 1.75 mg glibenclamide. " 10/01/1994 - "In a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial, 32 patients with NIDDM with suboptimal control on chronic glyburide treatment fulfilling entry criteria were randomized to receive one of two regimens: (1) glyburide at bedtime and placebo in morning or (2) placebo at bedtime and glyburide in the morning. "
9.	rosiglitazone (Avandia)FDA Link 09/01/2010 - "These data suggest that the PGC-1α Thr394Thr and Gly482Ser polymorphisms are associated with therapeutic efficacy of multiple-dose rosiglitazone in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." 01/01/2005 - "Predictive clinical parameters for therapeutic efficacy of rosiglitazone in Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus." 04/01/2010 - "Exercise training ameliorates the effects of rosiglitazone on traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." 10/01/2007 - "The objective of this study was to determine if rosiglitazone (RSG) reduced the odds of restenosis and if RSG improved the odds of clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. " 09/01/2003 - "To assess the clinical safety and efficacy of rosiglitazone maleate in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. "
10.	Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP 1)IBA 12/01/2012 - "GLP-1 analogues have been proven to be effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 10/01/2001 - "Taken together, these results show that insertion of Aha after the 7 position in GLP-1 produces an effective, long-acting GLP-1 analog, which may be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." 06/01/1999 - "GLP-1 has been shown to be an effective medication for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). " 05/01/2014 - "Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a novel treatment modality for type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 08/01/1998 - "Beta-cell dysfunction was improved by GLP-1 infusion, suggesting that early GLP-1 therapy may preserve beta-cell function in subjects with IGT or mild NIDDM."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) 07/01/2011 - "Most morbidly obese patients who undergo gastric bypass experience rapid remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but the response in non-morbidly obese patients is not clear. " 06/01/2009 - "For over 2 decades, bariatric surgeons have recognized that gastric bypass surgery causes a remarkable, durable improvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 01/01/2009 - "Although the long-term efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is not known, these findings suggest that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is an effective option for the treatment of extremely obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus." 11/01/2005 - "Is Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery the most effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus in morbidly obese patients?" 10/01/2015 - "Our aim is to clarify the features of complete type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission in patients who undergo Roux-en Y gastric bypass surgery, to better determine factors affecting the outcome of T2DM surgery. "
2.	Bariatric Surgery 11/01/2014 - "Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for the reduction of weight and resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM). " 12/01/2012 - "Bariatric surgery in obese patients is a highly effective method of preventing or resolving type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the remission rate is not the same among different surgical procedures. " 11/01/2011 - "Bariatric surgery has been proposed as the most effective treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and body mass index (BMI) above 35 kg/m(2). " 01/01/2015 - "Bariatric surgery has been reported to be very effective in the remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). " 11/01/2012 - "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus experience a complete and comfirm diabetic remission after bariatric surgery. "
3.	Gastrectomy 03/01/2015 - "Sleeve gastrectomy is superior to duodenojejunostomy as treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in this animal model." 03/04/2010 - "Published data on sleeve gastrectomy (SG) have indicated better remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and improvement in satiety compared with other restrictive procedures. " 04/01/2014 - "Efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and intensive medical management in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." 05/01/2009 - "To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG) on improving glycemic control of morbidly obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 05/01/2009 - "[Efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on morbidly obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]."
4.	Caloric Restriction 05/01/1997 - "In this study the efficacy of Modifast, a commercial very low calorie diet (VLCD), was evaluated in a population of obese poorly controlled NIDDM patients. " 06/01/2002 - "A portion of the improved glycemic control achieved with very low calorie diets in NIDDM is reflective of improved GSIS, presumably consequent to a sustained reduction in diurnal glycemia. " 12/01/2011 - "The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of prolonged caloric restriction in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, resulting in a major reduction in hepatic TG content, on plasma CETP and HDL levels. " 09/16/2008 - "This study sought to assess the effects of prolonged caloric restriction in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on myocardial triglyceride (TG) content and myocardial function. " 04/01/2015 - "In a prospective study 150 patients with an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus were included who followed a caloric restriction diet for 6 months. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/2014 - "The significant outcomes obtained from this study can explain the auto-inhibition of GSK3β and maybe facilitate type 2 diabetes mellitus researches and in developing the potent drug therapies. " 01/01/2014 - "In 2006, the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes established a consensus algorithm (ADA/EASD-2006) for the adjustment of drug therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). " 12/01/2013 - "The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of CAM use among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Alexandria, Egypt, and its impact on compliance to pharmacotherapy. " 07/01/2010 - "Study eligibility criteria, participants, interventions: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the outcome of treatment by psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy or collaborative care of depression in persons with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 02/14/2009 - "Clinical studies with methodological rigor have shown that the strategies for lifestyle modification and drug therapies can prevent or at least delay the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in individuals at high risk. "