X-linked Nuclear Protein

ATP-dependent DNA helicase that contains two N-terminal ZINC FINGERS and C-terminal ATP-binding and helicase domains. It functions in the regulation of gene transcription and CHROMATIN REMODELING. ATRX undergoes cell-cycle dependent phosphorylation, which causes it to translocate from the NUCLEAR MATRIX to CHROMATIN; thus, it may change its role from gene regulation during INTERPHASE to ensuring proper chromosome segregation at MITOSIS. Mutations in the ATRX gene are associated with cases of X-LINKED MENTAL RETARDATION co-morbid with ALPHA-THALASSEMIA (ATRX syndrome).

Also Known As:

Networked: 37 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 4 trials/studies)

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Gibbons, Richard J: 3 articles (01/2018 - 07/2007)
2.	Higgs, Douglas R: 3 articles (01/2018 - 07/2007)
3.	Malzkorn, B: 2 articles (06/2019 - 03/2019)
4.	Reifenberger, G: 2 articles (06/2019 - 03/2019)
5.	Neuhaus, David: 2 articles (06/2011 - 07/2007)
6.	Rhodes, Daniela: 2 articles (06/2011 - 07/2007)
7.	Yang, Ji-Chun: 2 articles (06/2011 - 07/2007)
8.	Chandran, Kesavadas: 1 article (01/2022)
9.	Dalvin, Lauren A: 1 article (01/2022)
10.	Deepti, Narasimhaiah: 1 article (01/2022)

Related Diseases

1.	Intellectual Disability (Idiocy) 12/01/2020 - "Molecular multigenic analysis for intellectual disability identified a previously unreported variant, p.Ile1765Met (c.5295C>G) in the SNF domain of the ATRX protein (in exon 24). " 08/25/2009 - "Overexpression of five remodelers affects gene silencing, and the most potent de-repressor is the alpha-thalassaemia mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) homolog X-linked nuclear protein (XNP). " 09/01/2012 - "Here, we found that the ND10 component, alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) protein, is predicted to be a target of HSV-1 miR-H1 and HSV-2 miR-H6. " 09/15/2004 - "The ATRX protein, associated with X-linked alpha-thalassaemia, mental retardation and developmental abnormalities including genital dysgenesis, has been proposed to function as a global transcriptional regulator within a multi-protein complex. " 04/01/2017 - "Objective To prepare the polyclonal antibody against human alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) C-terminal and study the distribution and expression of ATRX protein in human cervical cancer tissues. "
2.	alpha-Thalassemia 09/01/2012 - "Here, we found that the ND10 component, alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) protein, is predicted to be a target of HSV-1 miR-H1 and HSV-2 miR-H6. " 06/01/2011 - "Mutations in the ATRX protein are associated with the alpha-thalassemia and mental retardation X-linked syndrome (ATR-X). " 04/01/2017 - "Objective To prepare the polyclonal antibody against human alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) C-terminal and study the distribution and expression of ATRX protein in human cervical cancer tissues. " 11/01/2013 - "Loss-of-function of alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) protein leads to a phenotype called alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) in some tumors. " 04/01/2018 - "In this study, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation and amplification, ALK protein expression, loss of the nuclear alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) protein, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein expressionwere studied to investigate potential correlations between these molecular characteristics and clinical features or outcomes in neuroblastoma. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 03/23/2020 - "We performed a search in human cancer databases and found that ATRX protein levels were elevated in more than 4.4% of the samples analyzed. " 01/01/2017 - "In astrocytic tumors, loss of immunoreactivity for the ATRX protein was significantly associated to the ALT phenotype (p = 0.0003). " 02/01/2016 - "ATRX protein levels were reliably analyzed by immunohistochemistry in altogether 44 ULMSs, and the majority of tumors (23/44; 52%) showed clearly reduced expression. " 11/01/2013 - "In adult high-grade astrocytomas, 26.4% of tumors were similarly positive for ALT, including 80% of ATRX protein immunonegative cases (P<0.0001). " 11/01/2013 - "We found that in pediatric high-grade astrocytomas, 29.6% of tumors were positive for ALT and 24.5% were immunonegative for the ATRX protein, these two alterations being highly associated with one another (P<0.0001). "
4.	Thalassemia 05/01/2018 - "The ATRX protein belongs to the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodeling proteins, which are frequently associated with α-thalassemia syndrome. " 01/01/2019 - "Furthermore, we observe rarity of α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) protein loss (surrogate to ATRX mutation) in these tumors without any connotation on prognosis." 06/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to identify differential features regarding DNA copy number alterations, α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) protein expression, and the presence of tumor-associated inflammatory cells. " 01/01/2018 - "Their diagnoses were compared with a final classification supported by immunohistochemistry (retinoblastoma (RB), death domain- associated protein (DAXX), and α thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) protein expression), targeted mutation analysis (Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets), prior history of G1/G2 histology, and consensus. " 01/01/2020 - "In addition, the 13cRA/poly (I:C) combination induced neural differentiation through activation of retinoic acid receptors beta (RAR-β), restoring expression of α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) protein, and inhibiting vessel formation, leading to retarded tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. "
5.	Neuroblastoma 01/01/2019 - "However, relaying on negative immunohistochemistry for ATRX protein to identify ALT in neuroblastoma may miss a significant proportion of patients. " 06/01/2014 - "Neuroblastoma after childhood: prognostic relevance of segmental chromosome aberrations, ATRX protein status, and immune cell infiltration." 04/01/2018 - "In this study, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation and amplification, ALK protein expression, loss of the nuclear alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) protein, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein expressionwere studied to investigate potential correlations between these molecular characteristics and clinical features or outcomes in neuroblastoma. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
2.	Telomerase (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase)
3.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
4.	Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
5.	Histones (Histone)
6.	Chromatin
7.	Histone Chaperones
8.	alpha-Globins
9.	Retinoic Acid Receptors (Retinoic Acid Receptor)
10.	RNA-Binding Proteins (RNA-Binding Protein)