COVID-19 related pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease

Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19

Also Known As:

pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease, COVID-19 related; MIS-C associated with COVID-19; MIS-C multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; MISC associated with COVID-19; PIMS-TS; multi-system inflammatory disease, pediatric, COVID-19 related; multi-system inflammatory syndrome, pediatric, COVID-19 related; multisystem inflammatory disease, pediatric, COVID-19 related; multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children MIS-C associated with COVID-19; multisystem inflammatory syndrome, pediatric, COVID-19 related; pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome; pediatric multi-system inflammatory disease, COVID-19 related; pediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome, COVID-19 related; pediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome, SARS-CoV-2 related; pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, COVID-19 related; pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, SARS-CoV-2 related

Networked: 318 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 19 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	COVID-19
2.	Infections
3.	Venous Thromboembolism
4.	Pre-Eclampsia (Preeclampsia)
5.	Cardiovascular Diseases (Cardiovascular Disease)

Experts

1.	Whittaker, Elizabeth: 7 articles (01/2022 - 01/2020)
2.	Randolph, Adrienne G: 6 articles (10/2022 - 01/2021)
3.	Levin, Michael: 6 articles (09/2022 - 01/2020)
4.	Yonker, Lael M: 6 articles (02/2022 - 10/2020)
5.	Son, Mary Beth F: 5 articles (09/2022 - 01/2021)
6.	Belot, Alexandre: 5 articles (06/2022 - 01/2021)
7.	Kanthimathinathan, Hari Krishnan: 5 articles (06/2022 - 01/2020)
8.	Scholefield, Barnaby R: 5 articles (06/2022 - 01/2020)
9.	Fasano, Alessio: 5 articles (02/2022 - 11/2020)
10.	Anderson, Evan J: 5 articles (01/2022 - 01/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to COVID-19 related pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease:

1.	Methylprednisolone FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2023 - "Intravenous methylprednisolone could be an acceptable first-line treatment in children with PIMS-TS. " 01/01/2023 - "Methylprednisolone versus intravenous immunoglobulins in children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): an open-label, multicentre, randomised trial." 01/01/2023 - "Methylprednisolone or Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Children with Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS)?: Pediatric Rheumatologist's Viewpoint." 01/01/2023 - "Methylprednisolone or Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Children with Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS)?: Pediatrician's Viewpoint." 01/01/2023 - "Methylprednisolone or Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Children with Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS)?: Evidence-based Medicine Viewpoint."
2.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2023 - "Efficacy of Biomarkers in Identifying Abnormal Echocardiogram in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children." 01/01/2023 - "We hypothesized left atrial (LA) stiffness may serve as a surrogate marker in children to differentiate elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) from normal and help detect diastolic dysfunction in myocardial injury due to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). " 01/01/2023 - "Assessing the Response of Biomarkers to Anti-Inflammatory Medications in PIMS-TS by Longitudinal Multilevel Modeling: Real-World Data from a UK Tertiary Center." 07/24/2022 - "Biomarkers of Endothelial Damage in Distinct Phases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children." 06/01/2021 - "Hematologic parameters and biomarkers predictors of severity in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2."
3.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 05/06/2023 - "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), Possibly Due to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination." 01/01/2023 - "Two-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccination compared with no vaccination was associated with lower risks of SARS-CoV-2 infections with or without symptoms (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.35-0.64), symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.41-0.70), hospitalizations (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15-0.68), and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02-0.10). " 03/30/2022 - "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) possibly secondary to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination." 01/01/2022 - "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) secondary to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination - A case report from Qatar." 01/01/2023 - "It has also sporadically been associated with viral infections, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, influenza vaccination and mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. "
4.	Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein (Anakinra)FDA Link 08/30/2023 - "The main aim of this study was to define the best treatment option for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and to analyze the role of anakinra. " 11/23/2023 - "Impact of anakinra use on clinical outcomes in children with moderate or severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity score matched retrospective cohort study." 08/30/2023 - "Early anakinra treatment improves cardiac outcome of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children regardless of disease severity." 07/31/2023 - "Clinical outcomes and safety of anakinra in the treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a single center observational study." 01/01/2023 - "Variation in Early Anakinra Use and Short-Term Outcomes in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children."
5.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 06/07/2020 - "Strong IgG antibody responses can be detected in PCR-negative children with PIMS-TS. " 01/01/2021 - "Patients were excluded if they did not have a neurological consultation or neurological investigations or both, or did not meet the definition for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (a positive PCR of respiratory or spinal fluid samples, serology for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, or both), or the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health criteria for paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). " 06/07/2020 - "Further assessment showed that the IgG isotypes detected in children with PIMS-TS were of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, a distribution similar to that observed in samples from hospitalised adult COVID-19 patients. " 05/28/2021 - "Here, we show that pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) possess higher SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers compared with those with severe coronavirus disease 2019, likely reflecting a longer time since the onset of infection in MIS-C patients." 08/18/2020 - "Here, we show that pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) possess higher SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titers compared to those with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), likely reflecting a longer time since onset of infection in MIS-C patients."
6.	COVID-19 VaccinesIBA 08/07/2023 - "To review whether the current COVID-19 vaccines can prevent the occurrence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and adolescents. " 08/07/2023 - "The protective effect of COVID-19 vaccines on developing multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): a systematic literature review and meta-analysis." 01/01/2022 - "Reported cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children aged 12-20 years in the USA who received a COVID-19 vaccine, December, 2020, through August, 2021: a surveillance investigation." 12/01/2020 - "Complexities of the COVID-19 vaccine and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children." 12/01/2023 - "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Among Persons Who Completed a Two-dose COVID-19 Vaccine Primary Series Compared With Those Reporting No COVID-19 Vaccination, US National MIS-C Surveillance."
7.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 01/01/2021 - "Importance: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is thought to be driven by a post-viral dysregulated immune response, where interleukin 6 (IL-6) might have a central role. " 01/01/2021 - "Comparison of Interleukin-6 Plasma Concentration in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 and Pediatric Sepsis." 05/01/2022 - "However, the patient had a positive IgG antibody test result and high levels of interleukin-6, which helped to diagnose PIMS-TS. " 01/01/2021 - "Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) - Potential role for cytokines such Is IL-6." 01/01/2022 - "A comparative study of IL-6, CRP and NT-proBNP levels in post-COVID multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MISC) and Kawasaki disease patients."
8.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2021 - "During the COVID-19 pandemic, low-dose aspirin is used effectively in secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement, prevention of pre-eclampsia and postdischarge treatment for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. " 01/01/2021 - "Although the patient did not fulfill the KD criteria, based on approved guidelines and approaches regarding atypical KD and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) during the COVID-19 pandemic, intravenous immunoglobulin along with aspirin was administered for the patients. " 03/21/2022 - "Intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids, with concomitant aspirin and thromboprophylaxis, should be considered for the treatment of PIMS-TS. " 01/01/2020 - "As he fulfilled several criteria for MIS-C/PIMS-TS, he was administered acetylsalicylic acid, corticosteroids and immunoglobulin, with a good clinical response. " 09/01/2021 - "The most predominant therapy among multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) cases were IVIG (81%), followed by aspirin (67%), corticosteroids (64%), inotropes (62%), and anticoagulation (56%, mostly low molecular weight heparin, LMWH). "
9.	Enoxaparin (Lovenox)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2022 - "We sought to evaluate safety, dose-finding, and preliminary efficacy of twice-daily enoxaparin as primary thromboprophylaxis among children hospitalized for symptomatic COVID-19, including primary respiratory infection and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MISC). " 11/01/2021 - "N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was 33000 g/L, D-dimer 16500 µg/L, and ferritin 16000 ng/mL. Methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin, and enoxaparin was started, with a diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, associated with COVID-19. "
10.	Neutralizing AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2022 - "Although neutralizing antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) correlate with protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little is known about the neutralizing and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses to COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and COVID-19 vaccination in children. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Plasma Exchange 06/01/2022 - "Early is superior to late plasma exchange for severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children." 06/11/2021 - "The Role of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)."
2.	Secondary Prevention 01/01/2021 - "During the COVID-19 pandemic, low-dose aspirin is used effectively in secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement, prevention of pre-eclampsia and postdischarge treatment for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. "
3.	Therapeutics 07/01/2023 - "Studies comparing initial therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) provided conflicting results. " 02/10/2023 - "The aim of this retrospective cohort trial was to describe the initial clinical presentation, diagnostics, therapy and clinical outcome of paediatric patients with a diagnosis of PIMS-TS admitted to one of the 3 PICUs. " 01/01/2021 - "This process has directly informed new PIMS-TS specific treatment groups as part of the adaptive UK RECOVERY trial protocol, which is the first formal randomised controlled trial of therapies for PIMS-TS globally." 04/01/2023 - "The Swiss and UK consensus statements on the management of PIMS-TS proved very valuable in a real-life clinical setting, facilitated early categorisation, and initiation of specific therapy, possibly improving the outcome. " 05/13/2022 - "In three cases, IBD recognition preceded PIMS-TS/MIS-C onset and PIMS-TS/MIS-C occurred during anti-inflammatory therapy of IBD. "
4.	Critical Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 02/10/2023 - "COVID-19-Associated Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS-TS) in Intensive Care: A Retrospective Cohort Trial (PIMS-TS INT)." 03/01/2022 - "Observational studies involving patients <21 years with PIMS-TS or MIS-C were reported the clinicolaboratory features, treatment, intensive care needs, and outcome. " 07/01/2023 - "This syndrome was observed to affect almost all organ systems including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and integumentary and was later named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) by the Pediatric Intensive Care Society in April 2020. " 01/01/2023 - "PIMS-TS more frequently required intensive care admission (64% vs. 16.8%), and inotropic support (64% vs. 9.3%) (all p < 0.05). " 03/01/2022 - "In this systematic review, we highlight key clinical features, laboratory findings, therapeutic strategies, intensive care needs, and observed outcomes for patients with PIMS-TS or MIS-C. "
5.	Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation 11/02/2023 - "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in an Adolescent with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children." 07/01/2023 - "We retrospectively reviewed demographic characteristics, medical data, laboratory findings, electrocardiogram and echocardiographic findings, 24-hour Holter recordings, need for an ICU, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. " 01/01/2022 - "Operational Innovation in the Provision of Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children." 01/01/2022 - "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children." 07/01/2022 - "This study aimed to evaluate the need and the indication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) followed up in the pediatric intensive care unit by the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data and treatment response. "