Changes in lipoprotein particle subclasses, standard lipids, and apolipoproteins after supplementation with n-3 or n-6 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: A randomized double-blind crossover study.
Abstract | BACKGROUND & AIMS: METHODS: This was a randomized double-blind crossover study with two 7-wk intervention periods separated by a 9-wk washout phase. Females (n = 16) were supplemented with 3 g/d of EPA + DHA (TAG fish oil) or 15 g/d of LA ( safflower oil), while males (n = 23) received a dose of 4 g/d of EPA + DHA or 20 g/d of LA. In fasting blood samples, we investigated lipoprotein particle subclasses by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as well as standard lipids, apolipoproteins, fatty acid profiles, and glucose and insulin. Data were analyzed by linear mixed-effects modeling with 'subjects' as the random factor. RESULTS: The difference between interventions in relative change scores was among the lipoprotein subfractions significant for total very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) (n-3 vs. n-6: -38%∗ vs. +16%, p < 0.001; ∗: significant within-treatment change score), large VLDLs (-58%∗ vs. -0.91%, p < 0.001), small VLDLs (-57%∗ vs. +41%∗, p < 0.001), total low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) (+5.8%∗ vs. -4.3%∗, p = 0.002), large LDLs (+23%∗ vs. -2.1%, p = 0.004), total high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) (-6.0%∗ vs. +3.7%, p < 0.001), large HDLs (+11%∗ vs. -5.3%, p = 0.001), medium HDLs (-24%∗ vs. +6.2%, p = 0.030), and small HDLs (-9.9%∗ vs. +9.6%∗, p = 0.002), and among standard lipids for TAGs (-16%∗ vs. -2.6%, p = 0.014), non- esterified fatty acids (-19%∗ vs. +5.5%, p = 0.033), and total cholesterol (-0.28% vs. -4.4%∗, p = 0.042). A differential response in relative change scores was also found for apolipoprotein ( apo)B (+0.40% vs. -6.0%∗, p = 0.008), apoA-II (-6.0%∗ vs. +1.5%, p = 0.001), apoC-II (-11%∗ vs. -1.7%, p = 0.025), and apoE (+3.3% vs. -3.8%, p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose supplementation of high-quality oils with n-3 (EPA + DHA) or n-6 (LA) PUFAs was followed by reductions in primarily TAG- or cholesterol-related markers, respectively. The responses after both interventions point to changes in the lipoprotein- lipid- apolipoprotein profile that have been associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk, also among people with TAG or LDL-C levels within the normal range. REGISTRATION: Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02647333. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02647333.
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Authors | Elise Grytten, Johnny Laupsa-Borge, Pavol Bohov, Bodil Bjørndal, Elin Strand, Jon Skorve, Jan Erik Nordrehaug, Rolf K Berge, Espen Rostrup, Gunnar Mellgren, Simon N Dankel, Ottar K Nygård |
Journal | Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
(Clin Nutr)
Vol. 40
Issue 5
Pg. 2556-2575
(05 2021)
ISSN: 1532-1983 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 33933722
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Apolipoproteins
- Biomarkers
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6
- Lipids
- Lipoproteins
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Topics |
- Apolipoproteins
(blood)
- Biomarkers
(blood)
- Cross-Over Studies
- Dietary Supplements
- Double-Blind Method
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3
(administration & dosage)
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6
(administration & dosage)
- Female
- Humans
- Lipids
(blood)
- Lipoproteins
(classification)
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Obesity, Abdominal
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