Apolipoproteins B (ApoB)

Major structural proteins of triacylglycerol-rich LIPOPROTEINS. There are two forms, apolipoprotein B-100 and apolipoprotein B-48, both derived from a single gene. ApoB-100 expressed in the liver is found in low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). ApoB-48 expressed in the intestine is found in CHYLOMICRONS. They are important in the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Plasma Apo-B levels are high in atherosclerotic patients but non-detectable in ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.

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Networked: 2549 relevant articles (69 outcomes, 353 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Barrett, P Hugh R: 24 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Tsimikas, Sotirios: 24 articles (09/2015 - 06/2006)
3.	Kastelein, John J P: 19 articles (07/2015 - 10/2003)
4.	Sniderman, Allan D: 18 articles (10/2015 - 03/2002)
5.	Witztum, Joseph L: 18 articles (09/2015 - 06/2006)
6.	Tarugi, Patrizia: 17 articles (01/2016 - 01/2004)
7.	Burnett, John R: 17 articles (11/2015 - 04/2003)
8.	Watts, Gerald F: 16 articles (10/2015 - 03/2002)
9.	Schonfeld, Gustav: 15 articles (04/2011 - 03/2002)
10.	Hooper, Amanda J: 13 articles (11/2015 - 01/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Atherosclerosis 07/05/1987 - "The heterogeneity of this AT-rich minisatellite provides the basis for a highly informative restriction fragment length polymorphism of the apoB gene and should be very useful in association and linkage analysis studies of the contribution of this locus to atherosclerosis susceptibility." 02/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is associated with early subclinical atherosclerosis as demonstrated by ultrasonic measurements. " 02/01/2007 - "The present study aims to relate apoB/A1 to endothelium-dependent vasodilation, an early marker of atherosclerosis, in the Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. " 01/01/2006 - "The association between the EcoR1 APOB gene polymorphism and ATTIS confirmed the results of previous studies on relation of the APOB gene to vascular pathology caused by elevated lipid level and atherogenesis." 08/01/1999 - "In this study we sought to determine the frequency of XbaI, EcoRI, and MspI polymorphisms and the haplotypes generated by these three polymorphic sites of the apo B gene and their influence on lipid levels in a sample of Norwegian subjects at risk of atherosclerosis and healthy control subjects. "
2.	Hypercholesterolemia 01/01/2010 - "In this study, a molecular analysis of LDLR and APOB was performed in a group of 378 unrelated ADH patients, to explore the mutation spectrum that causes hypercholesterolemia in Poland. " 01/01/2009 - "To make qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenotypical characteristics and to study a spectrum and frequency of mutations in LDLR and APOB genes in patients with familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia (FHHC). " 01/01/2005 - "So the present study demonstrates that Se deficiency leads to up regulation of apoB expression during experimental hypercholesterolemia. " 01/19/2001 - "The aim of this study was to determine mutations potentially responsible for hypercholesterolemia in the apo B gene and to estimate their frequency in the group of Czech hyperlipidemic patients. " 10/01/2015 - "The network of ApoB regulated genes should be of significance for the understanding and development of novel hypercholesterolemia therapies."
3.	Coronary Disease (Coronary Heart Disease) 10/01/2015 - "When this difference between observed and expected apoB was added to standard coronary heart disease prediction models including LDL-C or non-HDL-C, prediction improved significantly (likelihood ratio test p-values <0.0001) and discrimination c-statistics increased from 0.72 to 0.73. " 09/01/1996 - "The low percentage of individuals with high TC levels (5.4% with TC > or = 6.49 mmol/L), high TG levels (3.7% with TG > or = 2.25 mmol/L), high Apo B levels (3.0% with > or = 1.5 g/L), low levels of HDL-C (0.7% with < or = 0.91 mmol/L), high LDL-C levels (1.4% with > or = 4.94 mmol/L or a high TC/HDL-C ratio (2.8% with > or = 5.0) suggest a reasonable protection against coronary heart disease in this Spanish population." 10/01/1987 - "The measurement of serum apo-B may be helpful in early diagnosis of coronary disease, being particularly valuable in males below 50 years of age." 10/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to determine the additional value of apoB beyond LDL-C or non-HDL-C as a predictor of coronary heart disease. " 11/01/2009 - "Studies consistently demonstrate apo B and LDL-P are superior predictors of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and superior indicators of low CHD risk on lipid-lowering therapy. "
4.	Coronary Artery Disease (Coronary Atherosclerosis) 03/01/2005 - "Several studies suggested that the measurement of apoB could improve the prediction of risk of coronary artery disease. " 01/01/2004 - "The objective of the present study was to ascertain the role of apo-B in causation and inheritance of coronary artery disease. " 12/01/2001 - "In this study, six polymorphic sites of the apoB gene were anlaysed in 235 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 216 normal control subjects. " 07/01/1986 - "This study showed that skin Apo B was the best marker of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with plasma Apo B concentrations of less than 1.3 g/l. " 10/01/2015 - "We hypothesized that elevated apoB and non-HDL-C would be associated with greater odds of coronary artery calcification progression (CACp), a measure of coronary atherosclerosis, than either category alone in adults with type 1 DM. "
5.	Cardiovascular Diseases (Cardiovascular Disease) 04/01/2008 - "Further studies are needed to determine whether ApoB and ApoA1 are superior to conventional lipid parameters as predictors of cardiovascular disease or therapeutic targets of hyperlipidaemias. " 10/01/2015 - "These data suggest that apoB and non-HDL-C should be viewed as complementary rather than competitive indexes of cardiovascular disease risk in type 1 DM. " 03/01/2015 - "In particular, the Apo B/A-I ratio is associated with atherogenic LDL and development of cardiovascular disease. " 09/01/2014 - "Of genes and men: making the best out of meta-analyses and ApoB gene polymorphisms for those with or at risk for cardiovascular disease." 02/15/2014 - "In conclusion, ApoB of LDL impairs vasodilation with damaging the endothelium and attenuating the NO-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation, which might associate with lipid peroxidation and contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Lipoproteins (Lipoprotein)
2.	Cholesterol
3.	Apolipoprotein A-I (Apolipoprotein A1)
4.	LDL Cholesterol
5.	Apolipoproteins
6.	HDL Cholesterol
7.	LDL Receptors (LDL Receptor)
8.	Apolipoprotein B-100 (Apo B 100)
9.	Glucose (Dextrose)
10.	Triglycerides (Triacylglycerol)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
2.	Bariatric Surgery
3.	Hemoperfusion
4.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
5.	Art Therapy