Xanthan gum protects temporomandibular chondrocytes from IL‑1β through Pin1/NF‑κB signaling pathway.

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a complicated and multi‑factorial disease related to inflammation and cartilage destruction. Intra‑articular injection of xanthan gum (XG) has been demonstrated to protect the joint cartilage and reduce osteoarthritis progression. However, the role and mechanism of XG in TMD is still unclear. In the present study, chondrocytes were isolated from rats and identified by immunofluorescence. Cells were stimulated by XG or interleukin (IL)‑1β. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α) and IL‑6 levels were determined by ELISA. The expression of monocyte chemoattractive protein‑1 (MCP‑1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), peptidyl‑prolyl isomerase 1 (Pin1) and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (NF‑κB) p65 (p‑p65) was analyzed by quantitative PCR or western blotting. MMP activity was assessed by gelatin zymography. Compared with the control, XG treatment partially reversed the IL‑1β‑reduced cell viability. In addition, IL‑1β stimulation increased inflammatory cytokine expression, including TNF‑α, IL‑6 secretion, MCP‑1 and iNOS expression, whereas XG treatment reduced the expression of these inflammatory cytokines compared with that of the IL‑1β‑stimulated cells. Additionally, XG increased the expression of collagen, but reduced MMP expression and activity as compared with that in the IL‑1β group. In addition, XG treatment prevented the IL‑1β‑increased Pin1 and p‑p65 expression. These data suggested that XG reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and may maintain the balance between collagens and MMPs partially through the Pin1/NF‑κB signaling pathway in IL‑1β‑stimulated temporomandibular chondrocytes. Therefore, XG may be useful in the treatment of TMD.

• Authors: Fang Yuan, Jian-Li Xie, Ke-Yin Liu, Jian-Liang Shan, Yu-Gang Sun, Wang-Gui Ying
• Journal: Molecular medicine reports (Mol Med Rep) Vol. 22 Issue 2 Pg. 1129-1136 (08 2020) ISSN: 1791-3004 [Electronic] Greece
• PMID: 32626995 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
• Ccl2 protein, rat
• Chemokine CCL2
• Cytokines
• Interleukin-1beta
• PDZD2 protein, rat
• Polysaccharides, Bacterial
• Protective Agents
• Rela protein, rat
• Transcription Factor RelA
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
• Nos2 protein, rat
• Matrix Metalloproteinases
• xanthan gum

Topics

• Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing (metabolism)
• Animals
• Cell Survival (drug effects)
• Cells, Cultured
• Chemokine CCL2 (metabolism)
• Chondrocytes (drug effects)
• Cytokines (metabolism)
• Interleukin-1beta (pharmacology)
• Male
• Matrix Metalloproteinases (metabolism)
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (metabolism)
• Polysaccharides, Bacterial (pharmacology)
• Protective Agents (pharmacology)
• Rats
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley
• Signal Transduction
• Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (chemically induced, drug therapy)
• Transcription Factor RelA (metabolism)