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Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (Temporomandibular Joint Disorder)

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A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)

Also Known As:

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder; Temporomandibular Joint Disease; TMJ Disorders; TMJ Diseases; Temporomandibular Disorders; Temporomandibular Joint Diseases; Disease, TMJ; Disease, Temporomandibular Joint; Diseases, TMJ; Diseases, Temporomandibular Joint; Disorder, TMJ; Disorder, Temporomandibular; Disorder, Temporomandibular Joint; Disorders, TMJ; Disorders, Temporomandibular; Disorders, Temporomandibular Joint; Joint Disease, Temporomandibular; Joint Diseases, Temporomandibular; Joint Disorder, Temporomandibular; Joint Disorders, Temporomandibular; TMJ Disease; TMJ Disorder; Temporomandibular Disorder

Networked: 806 relevant articles (55 outcomes, 193 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Bruxism
3.	Headache (Headaches)
4.	Torticollis (Wryneck)
5.	Hypertrophy

Experts

1.	Svensson, Peter: 12 articles (01/2015 - 01/2006)
2.	Manfredini, Daniele: 12 articles (10/2014 - 02/2005)
3.	Segami, Natsuki: 12 articles (05/2010 - 10/2002)
4.	Kaneyama, Keiseki: 11 articles (05/2010 - 10/2002)
5.	Biasotto-Gonzalez, Daniela Aparecida: 10 articles (04/2015 - 01/2013)
6.	Guarda-Nardini, Luca: 10 articles (10/2014 - 06/2007)
7.	Politti, Fabiano: 9 articles (04/2015 - 04/2012)
8.	Sato, Jun: 9 articles (08/2007 - 09/2003)
9.	Ernberg, Malin: 8 articles (01/2015 - 01/2008)
10.	Cairns, Brian E: 8 articles (01/2014 - 01/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Temporomandibular Joint Disorders:

1.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 10/01/2000 - "Botulinum toxin: new treatment for temporomandibular disorders." 08/01/2015 - "The objective of this study was to undertake a systematic review to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin therapy (BTX) for temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). " 08/01/2015 - "Botulinum toxin therapy for temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials." 05/01/2007 - "The objective of this review was to discuss the emerging role of botulinum toxin in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), to review the current literature, recent clinical trials, as well as preliminary data from our own clinical study, and to formulate an algorithm for the work-up and treatment of TMD." 08/01/1999 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of patients with temporomandibular disorders to Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) therapy. "
2.	Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronan)IBA 03/01/1993 - "This study assessed the efficacy of high-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate as a treatment for certain intracapsular temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. " 07/01/2015 - "High molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA) has been used to treat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, but controversial results have been described. " 09/01/2014 - "[HYALURONIC ACID: STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS, THE POSSIBILITES OF APPLYING IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISEASES. " 07/01/2010 - "On November 9, 2009, a systematic search in the National Library of Medicine's PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) database was performed by means of a combined MeSH and word terms to identify all peer-reviewed papers published in the English literature dealing with the hyaluronic acid infiltration in patients affected by TMJ disorders. " 07/01/2010 - "Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of TMJ disorders: a systematic review of the literature."
3.	onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox)FDA Link 12/01/2014 - "The use of Botox is a minimally invasive procedure and is showing quite promising results in management of muscle-generated dental diseases like Temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, clenching, masseter hypertrophy and used to treat functional or esthetic dental conditions like deep nasolabial folds, radial lip lines, high lip line and black triangles between teeth. " 02/01/2013 - "The findings suggest that there is level 1 evidence supporting the efficacy of Botox in the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia, essential voice tremor, headache, cervical dystonia, masticatory myalgia, sialorrhoea, temporomandibular joint disorders, bruxism, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and rhinitis. " 02/01/2012 - "We assessed the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BOTOX(®), Allergan) as analgesic treatment for temporomandibular joint disorders. "
4.	Matrix MetalloproteinasesIBA 01/01/2001 - "The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in synovial fluid are helpful in the biochemical diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder (TMD). " 01/01/2009 - "Recent studies on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders have suggested that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are closely involved in the pathophysiological progression of the internal derangement (ID) of TMJ. " 12/01/1998 - "Identification of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in synovial fluid from patients with temporomandibular disorder." 11/01/2014 - "Increased activities of various matrix metalloproteinases (particularly MMP-2 and 9) in the serum of these patients has been reported, and it has been hypothesised that high activities of MMP may contribute to loss of matrix and chronic inflammation of the fibrocartilage in temporomandibular disorders. " 03/01/2000 - "Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in several pathologic oral processes such as periodontal tissue destruction, root caries, tumour invasion and temporomandibular joint disorders. "
5.	Protons (Proton)IBA 10/01/2014 - "The aim of this study is to prove if dynamic HASTE (half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo) sequences can be used in the diagnosis of internal derangement disorders of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) as an alternative to static proton density (PD) weighted/turbo spin echo (TSE) T2-weighted sequences which are considered up to now as the gold standard in the evaluation of TMJ disorders (TMDs). " 01/01/2014 - "Comparing proton density and turbo spin echo T2 weighted static sequences with dynamic half-Fourier single-shot TSE pulse sequence at 3.0 T in diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders: a prospective study." 02/01/2007 - "To compare postcontrast T1-weighted imaging (T1WI+) with precontrast T1-weighted (T1WI-), T2-weighted (T2WI), and proton density-weighted imaging (ProWI) in depiction of the anterior disc displacement (ADD) in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). " 02/01/2007 - "Visualization of anterior disc displacement in temporomandibular disorders on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with T2-weighted, proton density-weighted, and precontrast T1-weighted imaging."
6.	Histamine (Histamine Dihydrochloride)FDA Link 03/01/1999 - "Possible involvement of histamine in muscular fatigue in temporomandibular disorders: animal and human studies." 05/01/2015 - "Histamine and substance P in synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular disorders." 12/01/2013 - "Mast cells were present around blood vessels and nerves in the epimysium and perimysium of MM. These results, together with others reported previously, suggest that: (i) peripheral histamine supports strenuous MM activity; (ii) strenuous MM activity stimulates mast cells to release histamine and to induce HDC (which replenishes the histamine pool in mast cells, possibly mediated by IL-1); and (iii) peripheral histamine H1 receptor antagonists may be effective in treating temporomandibular disorders or preventing prolonged clenching and/or bruxism. " 03/01/1999 - "On the basis of these and previous results and the known actions of histamine, we propose that the histamine newly formed following the induction of HDC activity, which is itself mediated by IL-1, may be involved in inducing pain and, possibly, stiffness in muscles in temporomandibular disorders." 03/01/1999 - "As an approach to clarifying the molecular basis of pain and fatigue in muscles involved in temporomandibular disorders, we examined the activity of histidine decarboxylase (HDC), the enzyme which forms histamine, in the masseter muscles of mice. "
7.	OzoneIBA 01/01/2014 - "It was the aim of this study to compare the efficacy of ozone therapy and drug treatment in patients with painful temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder (TMD). " 01/01/2014 - "Effects of high-frequency bio-oxidative ozone therapy in temporomandibular disorder-related pain."
8.	GadoliniumIBA 08/01/1998 - "The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for improved lesion detection in the posterior disk attachment and its surrounding tissue in temporomandibular disorders when gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging performed with fat suppression is used. " 08/01/1998 - "Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of temporomandibular disorders: improved lesion detection of the posterior disk attachment on T1-weighted images obtained with fat suppression."
9.	Diazepam (Valium)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2011 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy of placebo and diazepam in patients with temporomandibular disorder. " 05/01/2011 - "Analgesic efficacy of diazepam and placebo in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a double blind randomized clinical trial." 05/01/2011 - "A statistically significant (P<0.01) decrease in temporomandibular disorder pain in the placebo group (65%) and statistically highly significant (P<0.001) decrease in the diazepam group (72%) were observed on VAS after three weeks of treatment. "
10.	Local AnestheticsIBA 03/01/2013 - "This study compared the short-term efficacy of two treatments (local anesthetics (A) and local anesthetics and lavage (AL)) in patients with permanently displaced discs and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) 10/01/2012 - "The only indication seems to be that LLLT is probably more effective for the treatment of TMJ disorders, and less effective for the treatment of masticatory muscle disorders." 04/01/2015 - "This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). " 03/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of LLLT in the management of patients with myogenic temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). " 09/01/2005 - "The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and the microelectric neurostimulation (MENS) in the treatment of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). " 03/01/2014 - "The efficacy of low-level laser therapy for the treatment of myogenous temporomandibular joint disorder."
2.	Occlusal Splints 01/01/2013 - "The fourth part of this literature review on the clinical relevance of surface electromyography (EMG) of the masticatory muscles summarizes the results of clinical studies in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), preferably randomized controlled trials, examining the impact of changes to the dynamic occlusion or the effects of occlusal splints and other treatment measures on electromyographic activity. " 07/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study was to apply Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC) Protocol of TMD treatment, which includes the use of a specific type of mandibular occlusal splint, adjusted based on the electromyographic index, in a group of 15 patients with disc displacement, classified according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) and then analyzing the results compared with the control group. " 01/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of occlusal splint treatment on the temperature of masseter (inferior, intermediate and superior), anterior temporal, digastric and trapezius muscles in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). " 08/01/2002 - "In clinical practice, it is commonly assumed that occlusal splints have therapeutic value in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders CTMD), but the evidence based on randomized controlled trials is scarce. " 04/01/2002 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy with occlusal splints in patients with temporomandibular disorders by the computerized electromyography. "
3.	Splints 11/01/2007 - "A prospective randomized study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of physical therapy in addition to splint therapy on treatment outcome in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with respect to objective and subjective parameters. " 11/01/2012 - "Efficacy of stabilisation splint treatment on temporomandibular disorders." 03/01/2009 - "The vacuum formed and heat cured acrylic splint may be equally worn in patient preference for treatment of temporomandibular disorders." 03/01/2009 - "Vacuum formed and heat cured acrylic splints have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders. " 11/01/2012 - "The evidence supporting the use of stabilisation splints in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is scarce and a need for well-controlled studies exists. "
4.	Laser Therapy (Surgery, Laser) 01/01/2015 - "There are few studies that have investigated the efficacy of laser therapy in temporomandibular disorders (TMD), especially in reduced mouth opening. " 09/30/2012 - "A study of the influence of low intensity laser therapy on painful temporomandibular disorder patients." 08/01/2005 - "Studies on laser therapy suggest its usefulness in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. " 01/01/2015 - "Analysis of laser therapy and assessment methods in the rehabilitation of temporomandibular disorder: a systematic review of the literature." 05/01/2010 - "We evaluated the effectiveness of laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. "
5.	Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback) 08/01/2001 - "This study evaluated the relative long-term efficacy of biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral skills training (CBST), combined biofeedback and CBST (Combined), and no-treatment comparison groups in 108 patients suffering from chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD). " 08/01/1993 - "To assess the differential efficacy of two commonly used treatments for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), intraoral appliances (IAs) and biofeedback (BF), separately and in combination, two studies were conducted. " 12/01/2005 - "Efficacy of biofeedback-based treatments for temporomandibular disorders." 12/01/2005 - "Bibliographic searches identified 14 controlled and uncontrolled outcome evaluations of biofeedback-based treatments for temporomandibular disorders published since 1978. " 06/01/2000 - "Ninety-four patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder were assigned to either a biofeedback treatment group, a cognitive-behavioral skills training (CBST) treatment group, a combined (combination of biofeedback/CBST) treatment group, or a no-treatment control group. "