Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals that Dietary Supranutritional Selenium Regulates Sugar and Acylcarnitine Metabolism Homeostasis in Pig Liver.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The association between high selenium (Se) intake and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes has raised great concern, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

Through targeted metabolomics analysis, we examined the liver sugar and acylcarnitine metabolism responses to supranutritional selenomethionine (SeMet) supplementation in pigs.

METHODS:

Thirty-six castrated male pigs (Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire, 62.0 ± 3.3 kg) were fed SeMet adequate (Se-A, 0.25 mg Se/kg) or SeMet supranutritional (Se-S, 2.5 mg Se/kg) diets for 60 d. The Se concentration, biochemical, gene expression, enzyme activity, and energy-targeted metabolite profiles were analyzed.

RESULTS:

The Se-S group had greater fasting serum concentrations of glucose (1.9-fold), insulin (1.4-fold), and free fatty acids (FFAs,1.3-fold) relative to the Se-A group (P < 0.05). The liver total Se concentration was 4.2-fold that of the Se-A group in the Se-S group (P < 0.05), but expression of most selenoprotein genes and selenoenzyme activity did not differ between the 2 groups. Seven of 27 targeted sugar metabolites and 4 of 21 acylcarnitine metabolites significantly changed in response to high SeMet (P < 0.05). High SeMet supplementation significantly upregulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) activity by 64.4% and decreased hexokinase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity by 46.5-56.7% (P < 0.05). The relative contents of glucose, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, α-ketoglutarate, fumarate, malate, erythrose-4-phosphate, and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate in the Se-S group were 21.1-360% greater than those in the Se-A group (P < 0.05). The expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and the relative contents of carnitine, hexanoyl-carnitine, decanoyl-carnitine, and tetradecanoyl-carnitine in the Se-S group were 35-97% higher than those in the Se-A group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Dietary high SeMet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were associated with suppression of sugar metabolism and elevation of lipid synthesis in pig livers. Our research provides novel insights into high SeMet intake-induced type 2 diabetes.

• Authors: Kai Zhang, Yunsheng Han, Qingyu Zhao, Tengfei Zhan, Ying Li, Wenjuan Sun, Shuang Li, Dandan Sun, Xueyang Si, Xiaonan Yu, Yuchang Qin, Chaohua Tang, Junmin Zhang
• Journal: The Journal of nutrition (J Nutr) Vol. 150 Issue 4 Pg. 704-711 (04 01 2020) ISSN: 1541-6100 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32060554 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © The Author(s) 2020.

Chemical References

• Lipids
• RNA, Messenger
• Selenoproteins
• Sugars
• acylcarnitine
• Selenomethionine
• Selenium
• Carnitine

Topics

• Animals
• Carnitine (analogs & derivatives, metabolism)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (chemically induced)
• Diet
• Dietary Supplements
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Homeostasis (drug effects)
• Hyperglycemia (chemically induced)
• Hyperinsulinism (chemically induced)
• Lipids (biosynthesis)
• Liver (chemistry, enzymology, metabolism)
• Male
• Metabolomics (methods)
• Models, Animal
• Oxidation-Reduction
• RNA, Messenger (analysis)
• Selenium (administration & dosage, adverse effects, analysis)
• Selenomethionine (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Selenoproteins (genetics)
• Sugars (metabolism)
• Sus scrofa