Hyperinsulinism (Hyperinsulinemia)

A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 7235 relevant articles (308 outcomes, 625 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hyperglycemia
2.	Insulin Resistance
3.	Body Weight (Weight, Body)
4.	Obesity
5.	Hypertriglyceridemia

Experts

1.	Stanley, Charles A: 26 articles (01/2014 - 04/2002)
2.	Nuutila, Pirjo: 24 articles (06/2014 - 04/2002)
3.	Knuuti, Juhani: 18 articles (04/2009 - 04/2002)
4.	LeRoith, Derek: 16 articles (12/2015 - 10/2002)
5.	Bergman, Richard N: 16 articles (01/2015 - 11/2002)
6.	Iozzo, Patricia: 16 articles (06/2014 - 05/2002)
7.	Hussain, Khalid: 15 articles (04/2014 - 11/2002)
8.	Reaven, Gerald M: 15 articles (09/2011 - 01/2005)
9.	Kahn, C Ronald: 14 articles (04/2012 - 12/2002)
10.	Najjar, Sonia M: 13 articles (11/2015 - 03/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hyperinsulinism:

1.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 01/01/1993 - "However, in the majority of the IGT subjects a marked decrease in the early insulin response and a fasting hyperinsulinemia were found. " 07/01/1997 - "The basal GMI did not differ among the three groups in any tissue except tibialis anterior; during hyperinsulinemia, GMI was significantly greater in the insulin-sensitive tissues of all three groups. " 12/01/1996 - "Upon further investigation, we found that insulin secretion in the OLETF-BH rats was decreased to a significant extent, signaling that the hyperinsulinemia typical to the OLETF-BH rats had clearly improved. " 03/01/1992 - "One of the reasons of hyperinsulinemia in PJD in parallel with high insulin secretory pancreatic function can be a decrease in the metabolic clearance of liver insulin, especially noticeable in patients with hepatocyte dysfunction." 03/01/2013 - "Insulin is shown to have anabolic effects on bone and hyperinsulinemia may help to explain the slightly higher bone density in patients with T2DM. "
2.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1993 - "Hyperinsulinemia, in association with NA infusion (NA study) brings about a significantly greater stimulation of total glucose disposal in both pregnant (approximately 30%) and nonpregnant (approximately 35%) rabbits compared with the control study. " 11/01/2015 - "The change in hepatic glucose production (HGP) from basal to hyperinsulinemia demonstrated significantly greater decreases in Veh/Veh and Met 150/Ola groups vs Veh/Ola. " 11/01/2015 - "The Met 400 group had significantly greater glucose appearance (Ra) in the basal period (i.e., before Ola, or hyperinsulinemia) vs other groups. " 01/01/2013 - "P1736 was also efficacious in ob/ob mice wherein 30-35% decrease in glucose and significant improvement in hyperinsulinemia were observed. " 04/01/1993 - "After hyperinsulinemia, glucose production was normally suppressed, whereas overall glucose utilization was not significantly improved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"
3.	Metformin (Glucophage)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2005 - "Significant effect of metformin therapy was observed at 3 months follow-up visit, 5 (16.7%) women achieved pregnancy while 20 (66.6%) women had a regular menstrual cycle (p = 0.001), and a significant reduction in weight (67.4 vs. 65.4, p = 0.001) and hyperinsulinemia (FBS: FI = 3.34 vs. 6.63, p = 0.001) was noted. " 01/01/2012 - "The available evidence indicates that, in the short term, administration of metformin in addition to lifestyle modification is relatively effective for reducing BMI and hyperinsulinemia among obese adolescents without related morbidity, and displays an acceptable safety pattern. " 04/01/2011 - "Metformin effectively treats hyperinsulinemia in women with PCOS. " 07/01/2006 - "In women with PCOS treatment with metformin is effective in the lowering of hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia. " 09/01/2000 - "It is concluded that metformin, probably by way of its effect on adipose tissue, leads to reduction of hyperinsulinemia and concomitant improvement in the menstrual pattern; and therefore, it offers a useful alternative treatment for obese, anovulatory women with PCOS. "
4.	FructoseIBA 02/01/2014 - "Rats were fed 25 % fructose solution for hyperinsulinemia with L.casei Zhang for prevention or therapy. " 11/01/2011 - "Therefore, to further clarify the detailed mechanisms of perivascular nervous system malfunction induced by chronic hyperinsulinemia, we investigated the neurogenic vascular responses and distribution of perivascular nerves using mesenteric vascular beds isolated from fructose-loaded rats with hyperinsulinemia. " 04/01/2011 - "FR dams demonstrated increased total caloric intake and maternal hyperinsulinemia at E21 as well as increased maternal plasma fructose levels at E21 and P10. " 06/01/2008 - "Compared with control diet, fructose feeding induced hyperinsulinemia, HOMA-IR and increased triglyceride (all P<0.01). " 06/30/2007 - "The increase in GIR was lower in fructose-fed groups than in control groups under similar hyperinsulinemia. "
5.	AdiponectinIBA 02/01/2009 - "Hyperinsulinemia was associated with the decrease in adiponectin (r = -0.572, P < 0.001) and proved to be an independent protective factor for 6-mo maintenance of remission (P = 0.016). " 01/01/2009 - "The present study evaluates the direct effect of chronic hyperinsulinemia on plasma adiponectin levels. " 09/01/2003 - "The results of the clinical study indicate that EHT-R had not only hyperinsulinemia but also a low concentration of adiponectin. " 11/01/2015 - "Endometria from Obese PCOS Women with Hyperinsulinemia Exhibit Altered Adiponectin Signaling." 02/01/2015 - "Both F1-HF and F2-HF offspring showed hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, decreased adiponectin levels, increased pancreatic mass, and islet volume density with elevated α- and β-cell mass, hypertrophied islet characterized by an altered distribution of α- and β-cells and weak pancreatic-duodenal homeobox (Pdx)1 immunoreactivity. "
6.	Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar)IBA 01/01/2005 - "In contrast, unilateral reactivation markedly improved hyperinsulinemia and normalized blood glucose levels and locomotor activity. " 04/01/2015 - "Moreover, the HFD induced an increase in blood glucose levels in both sexes, and hyperinsulinemia in males. " 04/01/2015 - "However, recent data support guidance to maintain a blood glucose concentration of 2.5 mmol/L or more in neonates with signs of acute neurological dysfunction, which includes those with HIE, and this is higher than the accepted threshold of 2 mmol/L in infants without signs of neurological dysfunction or hyperinsulinism." 04/01/2009 - "In this model, we now investigated the impact of blood glucose lowering vs. hyperinsulinemia (HI) on mitochondria in relation to organ damage. " 01/01/2009 - "LOO mice showed fasting hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, elevated fasting blood glucose and an attenuated hyperphagic response during refeeding. "
7.	troglitazone (Rezulin)FDA Link 03/01/1995 - "The present study was performed to evaluate whether the amelioration of hyperinsulinemia by troglitazone lowers blood pressure in essential hypertensives. " 09/01/1997 - "The effects of troglitazone, administered as a food admixture (24 mg/day) for 6 months, on hyperinsulinemia and BP were examined in WHHL rabbits. " 05/01/2002 - "These results suggest that the beneficial effects of troglitazone in PCOS may not be due solely to improvement of peripheral insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, but also to a possible direct effect on ovarian steroidogenesis." 02/01/2000 - "Beneficial effects of troglitazone on multiple risk factor syndrome have been reported in terms of blood pressure lowering effect and ameliorations of dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia. " 05/01/1999 - "Troglitazone treatment resulted in attenuation of both hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism in an obese woman with HAIR-AN and resulted in resumption of menses and a spontaneous pregnancy."
8.	pioglitazone (Actos)FDA Link 01/01/2010 - "Pioglitazone (PG, 20 mg/kg) was used for the reversal of compensatory hyperinsulinemia and to examine the subsequent effect on the prostatic growth. " 06/01/2007 - "Our data suggests that pioglitazone should be given preferably to the patients with hyperinsulinemia and statin should not be coadministered." 01/01/2015 - "Furthermore, the combination significantly attenuated body weight and fat gain induced by pioglitazone and improved hyperinsulinemia. " 10/01/2009 - "Pioglitazone was effective in improving hyperinsulinemia and reactive hypoglycemia in nondiabetic DM1." 06/01/2007 - "The objective of the study was to demonstrate the effect of pioglitazone and pioglitazone in combination with statin on East Indian patients with hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. "
9.	C-PeptideIBA 03/01/1993 - "In obese men, C-peptide levels were significantly greater compared with non-obese men during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia (P < .05). " 06/01/1999 - "These results suggest that the major determinant of urine C-peptide excretion is food intake and that hyperinsulinemia could be easily improved by restricting energy intake." 01/01/1987 - "Hyperinsulinemia was improved by diet and normalized by diet combined with exercise; a similar effect was observed regarding C-peptide levels. " 08/01/2010 - "The link between C-peptide and hyperinsulinemia and other metabolic disturbances in PCOS is very complex and requires further studies." 10/01/2014 - "Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the effect of hyperinsulinemia, as measured by C-peptide level, on cortical thickness in a large sample of cognitively normal individuals. "
10.	Diazoxide (Hyperstat)FDA Link 08/01/1998 - "We reviewed 77 cases of primary persistent hyperinsulinism in neonates and infants who were treated with diazoxide and studied criteria predictive of therapeutic efficacy. " 01/01/2008 - "Linear regression assay demonstrated a close correlation between decreasing hyperinsulinemia and the protective effects of diazoxide. " 09/01/2014 - "Recessive mutations of these genes cause hyperinsulinism that is unresponsive to treatment with channel agonists like diazoxide. " 06/01/2013 - "Fifteen Japanese patients with diazoxide-unresponsive, KATP-channel hyperinsulinism. " 10/01/2012 - "Case 2 was diagnosed with diazoxide-responsive hyperinsulinism at 3 months of age and had complete resolution of hyperinsulinism by 4 yr. She was found to have a novel MODY3 HNF1A missense mutation, also carried by her father. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Administration 03/23/2001 - "Oral administration of all liposomal species resulted in hyperinsulinemia. " 01/01/2000 - "Hyperinsulinemia in Zucker fatty rats was reduced by 23%, 26%, 60% and 50%, respectively, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after starting the oral administration of WSSP. " 01/01/1999 - "Hyperinsulinemia was reduced dose-dependently in yellow KK mice by 1%, 24%, 34%, and 66% after the fifth oral administration of 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg/d. " 05/23/1996 - "In fa/fa rats oral administration of M16209 (30 and 100 mg/kg/day) for 7 days dose dependently improved hyperinsulinemia without affecting body weight. " 06/01/2006 - "Although previous studies addressed the effects of hyperglycemia in conditions of hyperinsulinemia, it has not been evaluated whether the route of glucose administration (oral vs. intravenous) plays a role. "
2.	Caloric Restriction 11/01/2009 - "Effect of hyperinsulinemia and very-low-calorie diet on interstitial cytokine levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women." 02/15/2009 - "Caloric restriction in Alström syndrome prevents hyperinsulinemia." 07/01/1995 - "These results confirm that weight loss induced by a low calorie diet is effective in improving hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism in obese and hirsute women. " 02/01/1996 - "The combined findings of old age, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, improvement in response to caloric restriction, and islet amyloidosis are consistent with type 2 diabetes mellitus." 05/01/2004 - "Moreover, the patients had very high fasting serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels (2150 and 1919 micromol/L, respectively), which proved to be sensitive to inhibition by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-induced hyperinsulinemia as well as to caloric restriction. "
3.	Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) 08/01/2011 - "Roux-en-Y gastric bypass corrects hyperinsulinemia implications for the remission of type 2 diabetes." 08/01/2014 - "In 2011 we showed that gastric bypass (RYGB) corrects these high levels even though insulin resistance remains high, ie, the operation "dissociates" hyperinsulinemia from insulin resistance. " 09/01/2011 - "Gastric bypass (GB) surgery is associated with postprandial hyperinsulinemia, and this effect is accentuated in postsurgical patients who develop recurrent hypoglycemia. " 10/01/2010 - "Postprandial hypoglycemia after gastric bypass surgery with endogenous hyperinsulinemia is being increasingly recognized and reported in the literature. " 08/01/2010 - "Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) has been associated with a hypoglycemic syndrome characterized by postprandial hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. "
4.	Pancreatectomy 07/01/1958 - "[Hyperinsulinism due to insulinoblastoma cured by partial pancreatectomy]." 11/01/2013 - "A retrospective chart review of children who underwent pancreatectomy for hyperinsulinism from December 2004 through September 2012 was conducted. " 05/01/2012 - "Hyperinsulinism presenting in childhood and treatment by conservative pancreatectomy." 04/01/2009 - "Although previous reports describe high success rates without pre-operative localization, more recent recognition of the overlap among causes of endogenous hyperinsulinism, coupled with the deleterious long-term effects of blind distal pancreatectomy and re-operation, mandate the need for precise pre-operative localization or regionalization of the tumour(s). " 12/01/2007 - "While focal hyperinsulinism may be reversed by selective surgical resection, diffuse forms require near-total pancreatectomy when resistant to medical treatment. "
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 05/01/1994 - "During combined hyperinsulinemia and hyperaminoacidemia (study 2), IDDUP showed a defective stimulation of NOLD (27.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 36.1 +/- 0.8 mumol.m-2.min-1, P < 0.01 compared to CON), which was normalized by transplantation (44.3 +/- 0.8 mumol.m-2.min-1)." 05/01/2006 - "To establish an porcine model of whole pancreaticoduodenal transplantation with portal venous drainage and enteric drainage for ensuring physiologically normal function without hyperinsulinemia and reducing postoperative complications. " 01/01/2005 - "FAS overexpression can be attributed to the local hyperinsulinemia in the transplantation model and belongs to cellular and metabolic alterations in the chemical model, which are induced by an insulinomimetic but yet unknown mechanism." 10/01/1996 - "However, this is compensated by a normal SG and by hyperinsulinemia to maintain euglycemia; 3) SI improves by 12 months and normalizes from 24-48 months, after transplantation, despite hyperinsulinemia and long-term immunosuppressive therapy. " 10/01/1993 - "Hyperinsulinemia after pancreatic transplantation. "