Protective Effect of Azadirachta indica and Vitamin E Against Arsenic Acid-Induced Genotoxicity and Apoptosis in Rats.

Abstract

Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) is one of the major environmental toxicants with severe toxicological consequences in some developing and developed countries. Rats in Group A received normal saline. Genotoxicity and apoptosis were induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg sodium arsenite to rats in Groups B-F. Rats in Groups C and D had earlier been pretreated with Azadirachta indica (100 and 200 mg/kg) or E and F with vitamin E (50 and 100 mg/kg), respectively. Markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, hepatic damage, genotoxicity, and apoptosis were assessed. Pretreatment of rats with either Azadirachta indica or vitamin E led to a significant (p <.05) increase in the activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver compared to the group that received NaAsO2 alone. Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), were significantly (p <.05) lowered in rats pretreated with Azadirachta indica or vitamin E. The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) and expression of caspase-3 were significantly (p <.05) reduced in rats pretreated with either Azadirachta indica or vitamin E compared to rats intoxicated with arsenite. Histopathology of the liver showed areas of infiltration of inflammatory cells with deaths of numerous hepatocytes in NaAsO2-intoxicated rats, and these were reversed by Azadirachta indica. Together, we report for the first time the genoprotective and antiapoptotic effect of Azadirachta indica by a significant reduction in the frequency of micronuclei-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by arsenic intoxication.

• Authors: Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies, Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi, Ebunoluwa Rachael Asenuga, Funmilola Kehinde Adeniji, Adeolu Alex Adedapo, Momoh Audu Yakubu
• Journal: Journal of dietary supplements (J Diet Suppl) Vol. 15 Issue 3 Pg. 251-268 (May 04 2018) ISSN: 1939-022X [Electronic] England
• PMID: 28777671 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
• Antioxidants
• Arsenites
• Biomarkers
• Plant Extracts
• Protective Agents
• Sodium Compounds
• Vitamin E
• sodium arsenite

Topics

• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Antioxidants (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Apoptosis (drug effects)
• Arsenic Poisoning (immunology, metabolism, pathology, prevention & control)
• Arsenites (administration & dosage, antagonists & inhibitors, toxicity)
• Azadirachta (chemistry)
• Biomarkers (blood, metabolism)
• Dietary Supplements
• Injections, Intraperitoneal
• Liver (drug effects, immunology, metabolism, pathology)
• Male
• Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective (chemically induced)
• Neutrophil Infiltration (drug effects)
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• Plant Extracts (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Protective Agents (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Random Allocation
• Rats
• Sodium Compounds (administration & dosage, antagonists & inhibitors, toxicity)
• Vitamin E (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)