Endometriosis is the
hormone-dependent product of endometrial tissue found outside the uterus. Recently, micro-RNAs (
miRNAs) were shown to play a role in endometriotic lesion development. However, the mechanism of
steroid hormones responsible for
miRNA remains obscure. In the present study, we assayed for the effects of synthetic
steroid hormones (
danazol,
progesterone, and
medroxyprogesterone acetate [MPA]) on
miRNAs in
endometriosis. We used a global
miRNA expression profile microarray to evaluate
miRNA expression in endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EN-MSCs) of ovarian
endometrioma following treatment with 1 μM
danazol,
progesterone, or MPA. Furthermore, we selected candidate
miRNAs whose expression changed more than fivefold and compared the effects of
danazol,
progesterone, and MPA treatments and also compared those results with controls in EN-MSCs. Among those with a fivefold change, we found 13 ectopically upregulated
miRNAs in EN-MSCs. To understand the function of these 13
miRNAs, we subjected their sequences to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. According to both the etiology and pathogenesis of
endometriosis, we found that miR-199a-5p and miR-34a-5p showed specific association with the disease, including molecular and cellular functions.
Steroid hormone treatment elevated the levels of miR-199a-5p and miR-34a-5p. An inhibitor of miR-34a-5p also reduced the synthetic
steroid hormones effects on cell proliferation. In vivo data revealed that
miRNA levels in endometriotic lesions correlated with findings following in vitro synthetic
hormone treatment. Our data show the effects of synthetic
steroid hormones on
miRNA regulation. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular impact of the synthetic
steroid hormones and suggest a potential mechanism for
endometriosis treatment.