Fatty acids from fish such as
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with improved brain function, whereas
furan fatty acids (FFAs) also found in
fish oil at low levels (1%) are thought to have
antioxidant properties. Understanding their effects in astrocytes is important as these cells are responsible for maintaining healthy neurons via
lipid homeostasis and distribution within the brain, and their decline with aging is a possible cause of
dementia. We investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of DHA and FFA using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in in vitro cultures of U87MG (
APOE ɛ3/ɛ3) and U118MG (
APOE ɛ2/ɛ4)
astrocytoma cell lines with and without a
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 100 µM) challenge. U118MG was found to be more sensitive to the
cytostatic, cytotoxic (i.e., apoptosis), and
DNA damaging effects [micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs)] of H2O2 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) when compared with U87MG. DHA at 100 µg/mL significantly affected cytostasis (P < 0.05) and increased DNA damage in the form of NPBs and MNi (P < 0.05) in both cell lines, whereas it decreased
necrosis (P = 0.0251) in U87MG. Significant DHA-H2O2 interactions were observed for decreased
necrosis (P = 0.0033) and DNA damage
biomarkers (P < 0.0001) in the U87MG cell line and increased cytostasis (P < 0.0001) in the U118MG cell line. The effects of FFA also varied between the cell lines, with significant effects observed in decreased cytostasis (P = 0.0022) in the U87MG cell line, whereas increasing cytostasis (P = 0.0144) in the U118MG cell line. Overall, FFA exerted minimal effects on DNA damage
biomarkers.