Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) has an essential role in governing cell morphology and motility, and increased ROCK activity contributes to
cancer cell invasion and
metastasis. Burgeoning data suggest that ROCK is also involved in the growth regulation of
tumor cells. However, thus far, the molecular mechanisms responsible for ROCK-governed
tumor cell growth have not been clearly elucidated. Here we showed that inhibition of ROCK
kinase activity, either by a selective ROCK inhibitor
Y27632 or by specific ROCK
small interfering RNA (
siRNA) molecules, attenuated not only motility but also the proliferation of PC3
prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, mechanistic investigation revealed that ROCK endowed
cancer cells with tumorigenic capability, mainly by targeting c-Myc. ROCK could increase the transcriptional activity of c-Myc by promoting c-Myc protein stability, and ROCK inhibition reduced c-Myc-mediated expression of
mRNA targets (such as HSPC111) and
microRNA targets (such as miR-17-92 cluster). We provided evidence demonstrating that ROCK1 directly interacted with and phosphorylated c-Myc, resulting in stabilization of the
protein and activation of its transcriptional activity. Suppression of ROCK-c-Myc downstream molecules, such as c-Myc-regulated miR-17, also impaired
tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In addition, c-Myc was shown to exert a positive feedback regulation on ROCK by increasing RhoA
mRNA expression. Therefore, inhibition of ROCK and its stimulated signaling might prove to be a promising strategy for restraining
tumor progression in
prostate cancer.