The improved effects of dietary chickpeas on visceral adiposity, dyslipidaemia and
insulin resistance were examined. Rats were fed a normal-fat diet (
NFD), a high-fat diet (HFD) or a high-fat plus chickpea diet (HFD+CP) for 8 months. The epididymal fat pad weight v. total
body weight of rats was higher in the HFD group (0.032 (sd 0.0042) g/g) than in the
NFD group (0.015 (sd 0.0064) g/g) and smaller in the HFD+CP group (0.023 (sd 0.0072) g/g) compared with the HFD group (P < 0.05). Chickpea treatment also induced a favourable plasma
lipid profile reflecting decreased TAG,
LDL-cholesterol (
LDL-C) and
LDL-C:
HDL-cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). HFD-fed rats had higher TAG concentration in muscle and liver, whereas the addition of chickpeas to the HFD drastically lowered TAG concentration (muscle, 39 %; liver, 23 %). The activities of
lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in epididymal adipose tissue and hepatic TAG
lipase in liver recorded a 40 and 23 % increase respectively in HFD rats compared with those in
NFD rats; dietary chickpeas completely normalised the levels. Furthermore, chickpea-treated obese rats also showed a markedly lower
leptin and LPL
mRNA content in epididymal adipose tissue. An
insulin tolerance test, oral
glucose tolerance test and
insulin-releasing test showed that chickpeas significantly improved
insulin resistance, and prevented postprandial hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia induced by the chronic HFD. The present findings provide a rational basis for the consumption of chickpeas as a functional food ingredient, which may be beneficial for correcting dyslipidaemia and preventing diabetes.