ARHGAP family genes encode Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like
GTPase activating proteins with
RhoGAP domain. Here, we characterized human ARHGAP10 gene by using bioinformatics. Complete coding sequence of ARHGAP10
isoform A was determined by assembling
nucleotide position 1-725 of FLJ41791
cDNA (AK123785.1) and 5'-truncated IMAGE4310652
cDNA (BC011920.2).
Nucleotide position 240-2600 of ARHGAP10
isoform A was identical to GRAF2
cDNA (AB050785.1). Complete coding sequence of ARHGAP10
isoform B was derived from FLJ41791
cDNA. ARHGAP10
isoform A, consisting of exons 1-23, encoded full-length
protein (786 aa). ARHGAP10
isoform B, consisting of exons 1-5 and intron 5, encoded C-terminally truncated
protein (163 aa). ARHGAP10 gene was found encoding two
isoforms due to alternative splicing. ARHGAP10
mRNA was expressed in
chondrosarcoma,
breast cancer, kidney
tumors, and
brain tumors. ARHGAP10 and ARHGAP26 (GRAF), showing 57.9% total
amino-acid identity, shared the common-domain structure with BAR, PH,
RhoGAP and SH3 domains. ARHGAP10-NR3C2 locus at human chromosome 4q31.23 and ARHGAP26-NR3C1 locus at human chromosome 5q31 were paralogous regions (paralogons) within the human genome. ARHGAP gene family was found consisting of at least 32 members, including ARHGAP1, ARHGAP2 (CHN1), ARHGAP3, (CHN2), ARHGAP4, ARHGAP5, ARHGAP6 (STARD8), ARHGAP7 (STARD12 or DLC1), ARHGAP8, ARHGAP9, ARHGAP10, ARHGAP12, ARHGAP13 (SRGAP1), ARHGAP14 (SRGAP2), ARHGAP15, ARHGAP17 (RICH1), ARHGAP18, ARHGAP19, ARHGAP20, ARHGAP21, ARHGAP22, ARHGAP23, ARHGAP24, ARHGAP25, ARHGAP26, STRAD13 (DLC2), HA-1, GMIP, PARG1, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, RACGAP1, and FNBP2. Genetic alterations of ARHGAP family genes lead to
carcinogenesis through the dysregulation of Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like
GTPases.