Effect of double-stranded RNA and interferon on the antiviral activity of Atlantic salmon cells against infectious salmon anemia virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus.

Abstract

Type I interferons (IFN) establish an antiviral state in vertebrate cells by inducing expression of Mx and other antiviral proteins. We have studied the effect of Atlantic salmon interferon-like activity (AS-IFN) and poly I:C on the Mx protein expression and antiviral activity against infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in the Atlantic salmon cell lines SHK-1 and TO. The double-stranded RNA poly I:C is an inducer of type I IFN in vertebrates. A cell cytotoxicity assay and measurements of virus yield were used to measure protection of cells against virus infection. Maximal induction of Mx protein in TO and SHK-1 cells occurred 48 h after poly I:C stimulation and 24 h after AS-IFN stimulation. TO cells pretreated with AS-IFN or poly I:C were protected from infection with IPNV 24 to 96 h after stimulation. Poly I:C or AS-IFN induced a minor protection against ISAV infection in SHK-1 cells, but no protection was induced against ISAV in TO cells. Western blot analysis showed that ISAV induced expression of Mx protein in TO and SHK-1 cells whereas IPNV did not induce Mx protein expression. These results suggest that ISAV and IPNV have very different sensitivities to IFN-induced antiviral activity and have developed different strategies to avoid the IFN-system of Atlantic salmon. Moreover, Atlantic salmon Mx protein appears not to inhibit replication of ISAV.

• Authors: Ingvill Jensen, Børre Robertsen
• Journal: Fish & shellfish immunology (Fish Shellfish Immunol) Vol. 13 Issue 3 Pg. 221-41 (Sep 2002) ISSN: 1050-4648 [Print] England
• PMID: 12365733 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antiviral Agents
• Interferon Type I
• Myxovirus Resistance Proteins
• RNA, Double-Stranded
• GTP-Binding Proteins
• Poly I-C

Topics

• Animals
• Antiviral Agents (biosynthesis, genetics, pharmacology)
• Birnaviridae Infections (genetics, immunology, veterinary)
• Blotting, Western (veterinary)
• Cell Line
• Fish Diseases (genetics, immunology)
• GTP-Binding Proteins (biosynthesis, genetics)
• Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (immunology)
• Interferon Type I (pharmacology)
• Myxovirus Resistance Proteins
• Orthomyxoviridae (immunology)
• Orthomyxoviridae Infections (genetics, immunology, veterinary)
• Poly I-C (biosynthesis, genetics, pharmacology)
• RNA, Double-Stranded (pharmacology)
• Salmo salar (immunology)
• Virus Replication