Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis

CNS infections caused by neurotropic dematiaceous fungi that contain melanin in their cell walls. The infections often result in BRAIN ABSCESS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MENINGITIS in patients who are often immunocompetent. The common causative fungi include members Cladophialophora bantiana, Exophiala dermatitidis, Rhinocladiella mackenziei, and Ochroconis gallopavum. R. mackenziei infection is seen almost exclusively in patients from the MIDDLE EAST.

Also Known As:

Networked: 22 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 1 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Mycoses (Diseases, Fungus)
2.	Infections
3.	Central Nervous System Infections (Central Nervous System Infection)
4.	Brain Abscess (Abscess, Brain)
5.	Neurosarcoidosis

Experts

1.	Al-Abdely, H M: 2 articles (02/2005 - 05/2000)
2.	Rinaldi, M G: 2 articles (02/2005 - 05/2000)
3.	Bloch, Karen C: 1 article (01/2022)
4.	Humphries, Romney: 1 article (01/2022)
5.	Lionakis, Michail S: 1 article (01/2022)
6.	Maris, Alexander S: 1 article (01/2022)
7.	Mody, Perceus: 1 article (01/2022)
8.	Snyder, Tonya: 1 article (01/2022)
9.	Steinhauer, Jennifer: 1 article (01/2022)
10.	Wada, Paul: 1 article (01/2022)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis:

1.	posaconazoleFDA Link 05/01/2000 - "This study indicates a possible role of SCH 56592 in the treatment of the serious cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to R. " 11/01/2019 - "We analyzed posaconazole concentrations in plasma and multiple CNS specimens taken from a patient who received posaconazole because of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. " 11/01/2019 - "Low Central Nervous System Posaconazole Concentrations during Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis." 02/01/2005 - "Successful therapy of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Ramichloridium mackenziei with the new triazole posaconazole." 05/01/2000 - "SCH 56592, amphotericin B, or itraconazole therapy of experimental murine cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Ramichloridium obovoideum ("Ramichloridium mackenziei")."
2.	TriazolesIBA 02/01/2005 - "Successful therapy of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Ramichloridium mackenziei with the new triazole posaconazole."
3.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2016 - "Combination of Amphotericin B and Flucytosine against Neurotropic Species of Melanized Fungi Causing Primary Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis." 05/01/2000 - "SCH 56592, amphotericin B, or itraconazole therapy of experimental murine cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Ramichloridium obovoideum ("Ramichloridium mackenziei")." 01/01/1987 - "Amphotericin B (Amph B), 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), ketoconazole (KTZ), fluconazole (FLZ), amorolfine (AMOR) and terbinafine (TER) were tested against 3 agents of central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis in vitro and in life-threatening infections in mice. "
4.	Itraconazole (Sporanox)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1989 - "His was the first recorded case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis treated with itraconazole. " 05/01/2000 - "SCH 56592, amphotericin B, or itraconazole therapy of experimental murine cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Ramichloridium obovoideum ("Ramichloridium mackenziei")."
5.	Melanins (Melanin)IBA 10/27/2021 - "Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis refers to central nervous system infection by dematiaceous mould or by dark walled fungi which contain the dark pigment melanin in their cell wall which adds to the virulence of fungus. " 07/01/2021 - "Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a rare but serious fungal infection of the central nervous system caused by dematiaceous septate fungi characterized by the presence of melanin-like pigment within the cell wall that is a pale brown to black. "
6.	Flucytosine (Ancobon)FDA Link 04/01/2016 - "Combination of Amphotericin B and Flucytosine against Neurotropic Species of Melanized Fungi Causing Primary Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis." 01/01/1987 - "Amphotericin B (Amph B), 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), ketoconazole (KTZ), fluconazole (FLZ), amorolfine (AMOR) and terbinafine (TER) were tested against 3 agents of central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis in vitro and in life-threatening infections in mice. "
7.	Voriconazole (Vfend)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2010 - "Fonsecaea monophora cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: case report of successful surgical excision and voriconazole treatment and review." 08/01/2010 - "We report a case of Fonsecaea monophora cerebral phaeohyphomycosis successfully treated with surgical excision and voriconazole monotherapy in a patient receiving maintenance immunosuppression therapy for 8 years after cadaveric renal transplantation. "
8.	Fluconazole (Zonal)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1987 - "Amphotericin B (Amph B), 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), ketoconazole (KTZ), fluconazole (FLZ), amorolfine (AMOR) and terbinafine (TER) were tested against 3 agents of central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis in vitro and in life-threatening infections in mice. "
9.	SteroidsIBA 01/01/2013 - "Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a patient with neurosarcoidosis on chronic steroid therapy secondary to recreational marijuana usage."
10.	Ketoconazole (Nizoral)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1987 - "Amphotericin B (Amph B), 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), ketoconazole (KTZ), fluconazole (FLZ), amorolfine (AMOR) and terbinafine (TER) were tested against 3 agents of central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis in vitro and in life-threatening infections in mice. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Liver Transplantation 10/01/1994 - "Successful therapy for cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Dactylaria gallopava in a liver transplant recipient." 12/01/2022 - "We report cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a liver transplant recipient. " 12/01/2022 - "Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in liver transplant recipient: A case report." 04/01/1991 - "The authors report a case of fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a liver transplant patient, the first to occur in a transplant patient of any type, to the best of the authors' knowledge. " 04/01/1991 - "Cladosporium trichoides cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a liver transplant recipient. "
2.	Therapeutics 05/01/2005 - "Antifungal therapy of experimental cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Cladophialophora bantiana." 08/01/2003 - "Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in an immunodeficient child treated medically with combination antifungal therapy." 03/01/2015 - "Black yeast-like fungi and relatives as agents of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis are often encountered in human fatal brain abscesses and lead to almost 100% mortality despite the application of antifungal and surgical therapy. " 02/01/2010 - "Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Rhinocladiella mackenziei is a severe infection in the middle east, resulting in nearly 100% mortality despite the application of combined surgical and antifungal therapy and occurring occasionally in otherwise healthy patients. " 08/01/2003 - "Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a rare fungal infection with a poor prognosis when using conventional antifungal therapy in the absence of neurosurgical intervention. "
3.	Organ Transplantation 06/01/2020 - "We report the first case of Acrophialophora levis causing cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a solid organ transplantation recipient. "
4.	Kidney Transplantation 08/01/2010 - "We report a case of Fonsecaea monophora cerebral phaeohyphomycosis successfully treated with surgical excision and voriconazole monotherapy in a patient receiving maintenance immunosuppression therapy for 8 years after cadaveric renal transplantation. "
5.	Heart Transplantation (Grafting, Heart) 08/01/2011 - "Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Bipolaris spicifera after heart transplantation."