Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer)
3.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer)
4.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)
5.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant)

Experts

1.	Monden, Morito: 18 articles (04/2008 - 06/2002)
2.	Saiki, Ikuo: 17 articles (07/2008 - 02/2002)
3.	Fidler, Isaiah J: 17 articles (07/2008 - 01/2002)
4.	Fong, Yuman: 17 articles (06/2008 - 01/2003)
5.	Lipton, Allan: 16 articles (09/2008 - 02/2002)
6.	Tang, Zhao-You: 15 articles (11/2008 - 07/2003)
7.	Hirakawa, Kosei: 15 articles (03/2008 - 05/2002)
8.	Yoneda, Toshiyuki: 13 articles (09/2008 - 02/2002)
9.	Shimada, Hiroshi: 13 articles (04/2008 - 01/2002)
10.	Altundag, Kadri: 13 articles (04/2008 - 01/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Neoplasm Metastasis:

1.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1995 - "When 5-fluorouracil was injected at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day every other day after the inoculation of tumour cells a highly significant reduction in the incidence of metastases was seen (compared with the controls). " 04/01/2000 - "CONCLUSIONS: This randomized study revealed that short term HAI of 5-FU after curative resection of colorectal hepatic metastases is effective in preventing the recurrence of disease without any serious complications." 10/01/2003 - "Arterial infusion therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was given at 1,500 mg every 2 weeks up to a total dose of 37.5 g, resulting in complete remission (CR) of the liver metastases. " 09/01/1996 - "A total dose of 1,150 mg of MTX and 6,250 mg of 5-FU caused a marked decrease in the volume of liver metastases and the effect remained for 8 months (partial response). " 04/12/1996 - "Of 120 patients receiving a combination of rIL-2, rIFN-alpha 2 and 5-FU, 13 patients achieved a complete and 34 a partial remission (lung, liver, local relapse, bone, adrenal, pleural, and thyroid metastases; overall response 39%). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Interleukin-2 (IL2)IBA 10/01/2008 - "CT showed a complete response on lung metastases and lymph node metastases and marked decrease of liver metastases after the first course of IL-2. " 07/01/1999 - "The median disease-free interval in the brain after resection of a single metastasis was 21, 7, and 3 months for patients achieving a complete response, partial response, and no response (CR, PR, and NR) to IL-2 therapy, respectively. " 01/01/1995 - "Of 33 patients, one achieved a complete remission (response duration, 24 months) and two patients presented with partial remissions (median response duration, 7 months) of pulmonary metastases upon rIFN-alpha/5-FU after failing SC recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and rIFN-alpha. " 12/01/1986 - "A single patient with pulmonary and hepatic metastases showed marked decrease in these lesions with intraperitoneal IL-2 treatment. " 04/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation of IL-2 for the treatment of pulmonary metastases in RCC is feasible, tolerable and beneficial in controlling progressive disease for considerable periods of time. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1997 - "[A case of multiple colonic liver metastases treated successfully with percutaneous isolated liver chemoperfusion using cisplatin]" 01/01/1997 - "The other patient had evidence of pulmonary metastases: following cisplatin therapy, she underwent clinical remission. " 12/01/2004 - "Although randomized trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that PF-based IC improves survival, reduces systemic metastases, and permits organ preservation, the effect on overall survival has been less robust than the results seen with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regimens. " 01/01/2000 - "In this paper, we follow the patients who participated in the previous study and survey the benefit of combination low-dose cisplatin in improving local control, prevention of metastases, and overall survival. " 08/15/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: Data from the current study indicate that 24-hour weekly infusion of 5-FU plus cisplatin has moderate activity but very low toxicity for NPC patients with distant metastasis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	DiphosphonatesIBA 06/01/2008 - "Bisphosphonates are the most effective agent for treating and (or) preventing complications of bone metastasis, reducing the incidence of skeletal-related events, and improving quality of life in patients with bone metastasis." 01/01/2006 - "Both bisphosphonates and radiotherapy are highly effective for the management of bone metastases. " 01/01/2008 - "Bisphosphonates, which inhibit excessive osteoclast activity caused by ADT and bone metastases, have proven to be safe and effective in preventing skeletal complications and presently are the standard of care in patients with metastatic disease. " 12/01/2007 - "Bisphosphonates have proven efficacy in reducing and delaying skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases, and play a key role in preserving patient functional independence and quality of life. " 05/01/2004 - "Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclast activity that have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of bone metastases. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1986 - "An asynchronous regional metastasis was successfully eradicated with adriamycin. " 12/01/1993 - "At an average follow-up of 54 months (36-76), 109 patients (66%) were continuously disease-free, 2 died from doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, and 52 experienced metastases and 3 had local recurrence. " 08/01/1992 - "[Comparative study of the efficacy of hepatic arterial and portal venous infusion of adriamycin for prevention of liver metastases in rabbit VX2]" 11/01/2009 - "We found that 1mg/kg doxorubicin treatment inhibited metastasis growth (n = 11 per group; P = 0.02, t test) but did not decrease the solitary metastatic cell population in the same livers (P > 0.05). " 11/01/2007 - "The IP-treated dogs had fewer serosal, mesenteric, and omental metastases than historical controls treated with systemic doxorubicin. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	HormonesIBA 11/01/2007 - "In some prospective studies, neoadjuvant hormones prior to external beam radiation therapy have been shown to significantly improve disease-free, disease-specific and overall survival as well as to reduce local recurrence or metastases. " 07/25/1991 - "In conclusion, age, 131I whole body scanning and serum thyroid hormone concentrations are considered to be useful in predicting the efficacy of 131I treatment for distant metastases, especially in the lung." 04/01/2007 - "Furthermore, it was suggested that the efficacy of metastasis diagnosis may also be enhanced, especially in patients receiving neoadjuvant hormone therapy." 05/15/2000 - "Multivariate analysis, allowing for hormone receptor status, disease free interval prior to recurrence, manifestation site of metastases, age, and micrometastases in bone marrow, revealed that bone marrow involvement was an independent risk factor, with a hazard ratio of 7.4 (95% CI, 1.6-13.3) for disease-related death. " 06/01/1979 - "Pretreatment characteristics--menopausal status, age, disease-free interval, prior hormone treatment and sites of metastases--of both groups were similar. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Paclitaxel (Taxol)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1996 - "We present the first clinical report of a serologic remission with high-dose paclitaxel (250 mg/m2 i.v. infusion over 24 h every 3 weeks) of a highly refractory GTD in a patient who developed brain metastasis after multiple combined chemotherapeutic regimens. " 09/01/2005 - "These results indicate that intraperitoneal paclitaxel is effective against peritoneal metastasis in early phase." 12/01/1994 - "Paclitaxel was effective against the patient's abdominal and pelvic disease but was not protective against central nervous system metastasis." 11/01/2006 - "CONCLUSION: Intraoperative intraperitoneal administration of paclitaxel may decrease significantly the occurrence of port-site metastasis and intraperitoneal dissemination in an animal study." 09/01/2009 - "Treatment with paclitaxel alone (10 mg/kg three times with 3-day intervals) had no significant effect on the incidence or on the number of MDA-MB-435Lung2 metastases. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	zoledronic acid (zoledronate)FDA Link 01/01/2004 - "Zoledronic acid was significantly more effective than placebo on most efficacy measures in patients with bone metastases secondary to other solid tumours (e.g. " 12/01/2002 - "Zoledronic acid is the first and only bisphosphonate to be proved effective in patients with all types of bone lesions, from osteolytic to osteoblastic, and therefore represents an important therapeutic advancement in the treatment of bone metastases." 01/01/2005 - "Zoledronic acid(ZOMETA): a significant improvement in the bone metastases." 02/01/2005 - "Zoledronic acid is the only bisphosphonate that has demonstrated efficacy for preventing skeletal complications in patients with HRPC and bone metastases. " 01/01/2009 - "Patients with progressive bone metastases despite use of an earlier generation bisphosphonate were switched to zoledronic acid as part of a study to evaluate the palliative benefit of this intervention. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	irinotecan (Camptosar)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2007 - "HAI (WHF: 1000 mg/m2) plus CPT-11 (100 mg/m2) was effective, and liver metastases showed a significant reduction (PR) on abdominal CT. " 03/01/2003 - "Combination therapy of FR-WBH + CPT-11 resulted in a significantly greater inhibition of axillary lymph node metastasis volume compared to both control and CPT-11 alone (p < 0.02) at day 16. " 11/01/2007 - "HAI plus CPT-11 was effective for a patient of the poor performance status with unresectable liver metastasis." 02/01/2005 - "We analyzed the efficacy of isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) for patients with progressive CRC liver metastases after irinotecan. " 03/01/2003 - "Both the group treated with FR-WBH alone and the combined FR-WBH + CPT-11 group had delayed onset and reduced incidence of axillary lymph node metastases compared to control (p < 0.05). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	docetaxel (Taxotere)FDA Link 12/01/1995 - "Docetaxel also was found to be highly effective in patients with a poor prognosis, having metastases in three or more organs (53%), and/or visceral sites of disease (47%). " 04/01/2005 - "In September 2000, she was treated with docetaxel for multiple lung metastases, and the lesions were diagnosed as in complete remission. " 04/01/2004 - "A weekly administration method of docetaxel was therefore selected, resulting in complete remission of the pulmonary metastasis and a partial response of the local recurrence. " 04/01/1998 - "We, therefore, treated her six times with docetaxel 80 mg, which resulted in partial response of the liver metastasis and brought about a marked decrease in serum CA15-3 levels. " 09/01/1998 - "Docetaxel is not recommended for patients with liver metastases or impaired liver function because clearance of the drug is impaired. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 05/01/1998 - "Nevertheless, this technique seems to be able to yield the best results in: fetal malformations; calculating the volumes of normal and diseased organs; the follow-up of masses treated with irradiation/chemotherapy or with alcohol or chemoembolization; the spatial reconstruction of extensive lesions; the detection of small lesions (metastases); the study of some complex functions such as cardiac valve dynamics. " 01/01/2008 - "Chemotherapy was most effective for the patients who had metastases in cervical and/or celiac lymph nodes (IV subgroup). " 02/01/2007 - "The expected overall survival rate of patients with RFA for unresectable or non-resected colorectal liver metastasis improved in comparison with the survival rate reported following the natural course (best supportive care) or chemotherapy. " 09/15/2003 - "The risk of death was found to be correlated with the presence of metastases in the liver (P = 0.02) or lung pleura (P = 0.04) at the time of the diagnosis of CM. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential combination radiotherapy and vinca alkaloid-based chemotherapy appear to be the most beneficial treatment modality. " 11/01/1999 - "Most notably, 3 of 8 patients with metabolically active lesions who were reexamined after chemotherapy treatment clearly showed improvement: the initial surrounding hot spots had disappeared in 2 of them, and had significantly decreased in 1. PET may prove valuable in assessing the efficacy of chemotherapy by showing the disappearance of metabolic activity and may also be useful for timely detection of relapses and metastases. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Lymph Node Excision (Lymph Node Dissection) 01/01/2000 - "The evaluation of treatment outcome proved that bilateral lymphadenectomy, as suggested by Bocca, is highly effective in management of lymph node metastases." 01/01/1992 - "The best treatment results are by patients treated with radical vulvectomy and regional lymph node dissection, without histological founded metastases in the extirpated lymph nodes--69.24% five years survival. " 06/01/2006 - "RESULTS: Radio-guided surgery (RGS) leads to complete clearance of persistent lymph node metastases by limited recurrent neck surgery, resection of metastases not seen by conventional imaging and control of complete mediastinal lymph node dissection. " 12/03/2008 - "Pelvic systematic lymphadenectomy improved surgical staging as statistically significantly more patients with lymph node metastases were found in the lymphadenectomy arm than in the no-lymphadenectomy arm (13.3% vs 3.2%, difference = 10.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.3% to 14.9%, P < .001). " 03/01/1995 - "Extensive lymph node dissection significantly elongated disease free interval and survival time of cases with recurrence and lymph node metastasis, but there was no significant improvement in cases with other mode of recurrence. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy) 10/01/1981 - "The best results were obtained with the use of the polychemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy: the index of the 3-year survival amounted to 38.5+/-14 per cent, while in the patients subjected to the monochemotherapy in combination with irradiation of the metastases it was equal to 3.8+/-3.7 per cent. " 05/19/1978 - "If remission is not achieved with combined hormonal and cytostatic treatment, radiotherapy to the choroid metastases in combination with polychemotherapy can be undertaken as second best." 10/10/2008 - "The rapid expansion in the use of improved combination chemotherapy regimens plus or minus biologics, to render initially unresectable metastases resectable has increased the percentage of patients eligible for potentially curative surgery. " 05/01/2006 - "Polychemotherapy rarely leads to long-lasting complete remission in patients with distant metastases. " 03/01/2007 - "In patients with distant lymph-node metastasis, even without adjacent organ invasion, radical surgery may not achieve a good outcome.1 Here, combination chemotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy may have some benefits." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Adjuvant Chemotherapy 01/01/2004 - "Neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy did not provide a significant survival advantage, although adjuvant chemotherapy improved the 5-year overall survival in patients with pathologically proven lymph node metastasis. " 12/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved survival and disease-free survival after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. " 12/01/1998 - "The multivariate analysis for disease-free survival selected adjuvant chemotherapy, lymph node metastasis, and disease-free interval as significant factors. " 07/01/1994 - "Adjuvant chemotherapy however reduces significantly the risk of distant metastases and--although there is no influence on the risk for locoregional relapse--increases significantly the chance for total disease-free and overall survival. " 07/01/2006 - "Systemic adjuvant chemotherapy remains a mainstay of treatment of patients with lymph node metastases. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Immunotherapy 08/01/1992 - "Multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model showed that the immunotherapy using cultured lymphocytes was the most important factor prolonging survival among several significant prognostic factors such as concomitant liver metastasis, disease-free period and laterality of effusion." 07/01/1999 - "Twenty-two of the 36 patients achieved a clinical response (10 complete responses and 12 partial responses) at extracranial sites of disease after IL-2-based immunotherapy and before the development of brain metastasis. " 03/01/1991 - "In conclusion, although a complete response could not be obtained, it can be said that this immunotherapy may be effective against RCC, in particular lung metastases, since a partial response was achieved in 3 of 14 patients. " 11/01/2008 - "Immunotherapy after control of brain metastases with SRS appeared to result in significantly improved survival. " 11/01/2003 - "RECENT FINDINGS: Cytoreductive surgery or radiation of metastases seems beneficial in well-selected patients, especially as immunotherapy is available. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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