Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant)

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27655 relevant articles (1278 outcomes, 4656 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

Also Known As:

Melanoma, Malignant; Melanomas; Malignant Melanoma; Malignant Melanomas; Melanomas, Malignant

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
3.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant)
4.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)
5.	Sarcoma (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)

Experts

1.	Kirkwood, John M: 39 articles (10/2008 - 01/2002)
2.	Schadendorf, Dirk: 35 articles (10/2008 - 03/2002)
3.	Morton, Donald L: 31 articles (06/2008 - 03/2002)
4.	Rosenberg, Steven A: 27 articles (09/2008 - 01/2002)
5.	Herlyn, Meenhard: 26 articles (09/2008 - 02/2002)
6.	Hersey, Peter: 26 articles (03/2008 - 10/2002)
7.	Schadendorf, D: 24 articles (07/2008 - 01/2000)
8.	Hoon, Dave S B: 24 articles (06/2008 - 03/2002)
9.	Sondak, Vernon K: 23 articles (07/2008 - 01/2002)
10.	Ferrone, Soldano: 21 articles (06/2008 - 04/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Melanoma:

1.	Interleukin-2 (IL2)IBA 04/01/2006 - "A variety of immunotherapeutic approaches have shown activity in patients with metastatic melanoma with the best results being observed with interleukin 2 (IL-2). " 08/01/2003 - "CONCLUSION: Adjuvant treatment of intermediate- and high-risk melanoma patients with low-dose IFNalpha2b and IL-2 is safe and well tolerated by most patients, but it does not improve disease-free or overall survival." 02/01/2002 - "The efficacy of sequential chemoimmunotherapy involving interleukin-2 (IL2) in metastatic melanoma is limited, in part, by the severe toxicity associated with most therapeutic regimens. " 05/10/2008 - "CONCLUSION: The results again demonstrate efficacy of high-dose IL-2 in advanced melanoma but did not demonstrate the promising clinical activity reported with vaccine and high-dose IL-2 in any of three phase II trials." 04/01/1989 - "Thirty-six patients with metastatic melanoma were entered into a study of the therapeutic efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy with high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	AntigensIBA 02/26/1977 - "The incidence of melanoma in males and females was approximately equal, which suggests that immune responses to tumour-associated antigens may be more effective in preventing spread of tumours than in preventing their occurrence." 05/01/1988 - "The results showed that 5-azadCyd was effective in inducing antigen expression in both systems whereas HU was effective (and equally so) only in the human melanoma cell line system. " 05/01/1987 - "The chimeric antibody, but not the mouse L6 antibody, is effective against a melanoma line expressing small amounts of the L6 antigen. " 08/01/1985 - "However, a melanoma cell line that expresses minimal levels of GD3 on 13% of the cells shows insignificant lysis by MB3.6 by either of these two mechanisms, suggesting that a threshold level of antigen expression may be required for effective in vitro cytolysis. " 03/01/1979 - "The radioimmunometric binding assay when modified and used as a binding inhibition assay was effective in the assessment of the serologic activity of soluble melanoma-associated antigens and thus may be used to monitor the progress of antigen purification." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Dacarbazine (DIC)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2007 - "CONCLUSIONS: Although the therapeutic efficacy is very limited, dacarbazine cannot be rejected as standard therapy for disseminated melanoma, because no other therapeutic regimen exhibits a survival benefit over DTIC in an evidence-based analysis. " 07/01/1987 - "[Successful therapy of secondary melanoma of the orbit with DTIC]" 10/01/2007 - "This study compares the antineoplastic potential of a novel treatment strategy combining cell cycle inhibitor-779 (CCI-779) plus dacarbazine (DTIC) versus DTIC monotreatment, the current chemotherapeutic mainstay in combating metastatic melanoma. " 02/01/2001 - "It is currently unclear whether any combination therapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma is superior to standard single-agent dacarbazine (DTIC) in terms of tumour response and overall survival. " 01/01/1990 - "A combined regimen of r-IFN alpha 2A and dacarbazine is effective in treating patients with metastatic melanoma, with acceptable toxicities and a reasonable quality of life (out-patient treatment or district nurse care). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1990 - "However, in melanoma, administration of 200 mg/m2 per course did not appear to be associated with a markedly improved response rate, compared with cisplatin alone at "standard" doses." 09/15/1991 - "Lack of efficacy of high-dose, cisplatin-based therapy for metastatic melanoma." 01/01/1983 - "On account of the considerable differences among these data the clinical study of Stage II had been started which should contribute to the elucidation of efficacy of cis-platinum in malignant melanoma treatment. " 01/15/1998 - "This study was designed to assess the efficacy of a new antimelanoma therapeutic strategy that relies on the use of a c-myc antisense 15-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide ([S]ODN), in combination with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum; DDP), which is currently used in the clinical management of melanoma patients. " 12/01/2008 - "Additionally, a mouse melanoma model was used to assess the antitumor efficacy of a selected retinoid in combination with cisplatin. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	VaccinesIBA 10/15/2005 - "Of all the vaccines, the dual-modified vaccine generated the best therapeutic efficacy on melanoma-bearing mice, the strongest protection against melanoma challenge. " 03/01/2008 - "Clinical responses to melanoma vaccines are still poor and currently there is no melanoma vaccine with a proven efficacy. " 02/01/2004 - "When will melanoma vaccines be proven effective?" 05/01/2005 - "CONCLUSIONS: Altered intracellular sorting signals do not significantly influence the efficacy of genetic melanoma vaccines incorporating helper determinants in our model system. " 04/01/2008 - "Based on our previous findings that AbOmpA induced the phenotypic maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and drove the Th1 immune response in vitro, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of AbOmpA-pulsed DC vaccines in a murine melanoma model. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	InterferonsIBA 05/01/2008 - "Adjuvant high-dose interferon for cutaneous melanoma is most beneficial for patients with early stage III disease." 12/01/2002 - "Clinical studies have demonstrated that high dose adjuvant interferon therapy improves disease-free and overall survival among high risk (stage IIb and III) melanoma patients. " 12/01/2005 - "Melanoma patients were treated successfully with high-dose interferon. " 12/01/2000 - "In the randomised clinical trial E1684, the administration of interferon (IFN) alpha-2b resulted in prolonged disease-free and overall survival in high-risk melanoma patients following surgical resection. " 03/01/2000 - "BACKGROUND: There is conflicting data regarding the efficacy of systemic interferon as adjuvant therapy for high-risk cutaneous melanoma. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Interferon-alpha (Interferon Alfa)FDA Link 01/01/2002 - "Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) represents an adjuvant therapy of proven effectiveness in increasing disease-free interval and survival in subgroups of melanoma patients. " 07/06/2001 - "Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) represents an adjuvant therapy of proven effectiveness in increasing disease-free interval and survival in subgroups of melanoma patients. " 01/01/2003 - "AVAX Technologies was enrolling patients with stage III melanoma in the pivotal US phase III trial for registration of M-Vax trade ed, multicentre trial designed to compare the efficacy of the vaccine against high-dose interferon-alpha, the standard post-surgical treatment for stage III melanoma. " 07/01/2000 - "Among the numerous agents tested for the adjuvant therapy of high-risk melanoma, interferon-alpha 2b (IFN-alpha2b) administered at maximally tolerated doses is the only one to demonstrate an improvement in relapse-free and overall survival for these patients. " 03/01/2000 - "Interferon-alpha is also effective in adjuvant therapy for non-advanced melanoma treated surgically. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Melphalan (Alkeran)FDA Link 03/01/1975 - "The addition of heat to regional perfusion with melphalan has dramatically improved the objective response of melanoma. " 10/15/2009 - "BACKGROUND: Isolated limb infusion with melphalan is a well-tolerated treatment for patients with in-transit extremity melanoma with an approximately 30% complete response (CR) rate. " 08/01/2006 - "We attempted a novel approach in this condition using a technique of intra-arterial limb infusion with cytotoxic agent Melphalan (ILI) which has been proven beneficial in management of localised malignant melanoma. " 10/01/2001 - "By using continuous leakage monitoring and using the drug melphalan, a high complete remission rate is obtained in patients with melanoma. " 03/15/1997 - "The administration of high dose rTNF-alpha and melphalan via isolated limb perfusion (ILP) eliminated the systemic side effects and was shown to be very effective for metastatic melanoma confined to the limb. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 07/01/1994 - "As the clinical and histological differential diagnosis between Spitz naevus and cutaneous melanoma may be very difficult, we have investigated whether DNA in situ hybridization maybe helpful in resolving this problem. " 04/01/2001 - "Immunization with DNA and peptide-pulsed spleen cells had a synergistic effect and provided significant protection against a challenge with poorly immunogenic B16-F0 malignant melanoma cells in the syngeneic C57BL/6 mouse model. " 07/15/1993 - "The action spectrum (sensitivity per incident photon as a function of wavelength) for melanoma induction shows appreciable sensitivity at 365, 405, and probably 436 nm, suggesting that wavelengths not absorbed directly in DNA are effective in induction. " 03/15/2000 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether DNA image cytometry is helpful in distinguishing benign from malignant melanocytic lesions and whether cytometry would give valid information with which to predict the prognoses associated with malignant melanomas. " 06/01/1995 - "CONCLUSION--Although this study shows promise for the use of DNA studies in the prognosis of uveal malignant melanoma, the exact role of these techniques remains to be determined." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Monophenol Monooxygenase (Tyrosinase)IBA 05/01/2001 - "These data suggest that tyrosinase:8-17 may be clinically useful for the treatment of patients with melanoma." 01/01/2000 - "CONCLUSIONS: In routine analysis of SN biopsies in melanoma patients, tyrosinase RT-PCR can be used effectively to preselect nodes for further IHC of serial sections. " 04/01/2004 - "CONCLUSION: Determination of MITF marker in addition to tyrosinase improved the detection of circulating melanoma cells in patients with metastatic melanoma." 04/01/2004 - "Data reported in the literature about the clinical significance of tyrosinase expression in the peripheral blood of disease-free melanoma patients are still controversial. " 04/01/2004 - "Clinical significance of sequential tyrosinase expression in the peripheral blood of disease-free melanoma patients: a review of literature data." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/1993 - "Metastatic melanoma is difficult to treat because of low response rates to most chemotherapy regimens and short remission durations. " 09/01/1991 - "Chemotherapy seems to be more effective in CMM than in adult melanomas, but prophylaxis is also the best therapy in children: early removal of congenital giant pigmented naevi and frequent monitoring, if not excision, of all congenital melanocytic lesions must be considered." 07/01/2008 - "These results show that inhibition of PDI activity increases apoptosis in response to agents which induce ER stress and suggest that the development of potent, small-molecule PDI inhibitors has significant potential as a powerful tool for enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy in melanoma." 08/01/2003 - "Chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma is disappointing, there being anecdotal cases of complete remission. " 08/01/1977 - "Another patient, whose melanoma could not be controlled by surgery or chemotherapy, has been in complete remission for 2 years. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Immunotherapy 10/01/2003 - "These findings clearly revealed that highly efficient MAA gene transduction to DCs by AdRGD could greatly improve the efficacy of DC-based immunotherapy against melanoma." 06/01/1977 - "Complete remission of metastatic malignant melanoma following immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG): report of a case." 12/20/2005 - "These studies demonstrate that lower levels of survivin in recurrent metastatic melanomas are associated with significantly improved survival in patients receiving postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy. " 04/01/2001 - "The rising incidence of melanoma, combined with lack of efficacy of cytotoxic therapies, means there is a significant need for the development of effective immunotherapies. " 12/01/1999 - "An abrogation of the decline in epidermal Langerhans cell numbers above melanoma might significantly improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for melanoma treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation) 04/01/2008 - "In a human melanoma xenograft model, established from a short-term culture of primary melanoma cells, we demonstrated that the Ad5/35-based therapy had a significantly greater anti-neoplastic effect than the homologous Ad5-based therapy. " 09/01/1998 - "The therapeutic efficacy of the AdmTyr-tk virus was tested in vivo using a xenograft model of human melanoma. " 01/01/1992 - "LOX melanoma xenografts and was as effective against established disease (MX-1 and LOX) as it was against early-stage disease (no data are available for early-stage NCI-H82). " 07/01/1999 - "In the present study, the efficacy of Leu-DOX was compared with free DOX in inhibiting the growth of four DOX-sensitive and -resistant malignant melanoma xenografts. " 11/01/1994 - "The four orthotopic human melanoma xenograft model systems show great promise for future studies of tumour angiogenesis, pathophysiology, treatment sensitivity and metastatic pattern." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Lymph Node Excision (Lymph Node Dissection) 09/01/1983 - "One of the most controversial areas in the management of malignant melanoma concerns the efficacy of prophylactic lymph node dissection. " 05/01/1981 - "Regional lymphadenectomy offers no improvement in survival in patients with low-risk and moderate-risk melanoma and can play only a minor role at most in improving survival for patients with high-risk melanoma." 07/01/1999 - "Efficacy of lymphatic mapping, sentinel lymphadenectomy, and selective complete lymph node dissection as a therapeutic procedure for early-stage melanoma." 10/01/2007 - "Pelvic lymph node dissection is beneficial in subsets of patients with node-positive melanoma." 08/01/1997 - "It remains uncertain whether elective lymphadenectomy can be therapeutically beneficial in the management of melanoma. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 09/01/2005 - "Photodynamic therapy with Photosense may be effective in treating pigmented choroid and epibulbar melanomas." 09/01/2005 - "The study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of photodynamic therapy of pigmented choroid and epibulbar melanoma, by using the agent Photosense. " 01/01/2005 - "The aim of this study was to assess in vitro photodynamic therapy which induces apoptosis in the human Beidegröm Melanoma (BM) cell line, using neutral comet assay. " 06/01/2003 - "However, additional studies are needed to determine if photodynamic therapy can play a role in the management of choroidal melanoma." 10/01/1995 - "Photodynamic therapy: a 5-year study of its effectiveness in the treatment of posterior uveal melanoma, and evaluation of haematoporphyrin uptake and photocytotoxicity of melanoma cells in tissue culture." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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