Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is the prototype of the long pentraxin subfamily, an
acute-phase protein consisting of a C-terminal pentraxin domain and a unique N-terminal domain. PTX3 was initially isolated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human FS-4 fibroblasts. It was subsequently found to be also produced by synoviocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, smooth muscle cells, myeloid dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and
tumor cells. Various modulatory factors, such as
miRNAs,
cytokines, drugs, and hypoxic conditions, could regulate the expression level of PTX3. PTX3 is essential in regulating innate immunity,
inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Besides, PTX3 may play dual (pro-
tumor and anti-
tumor) roles in
oncogenesis. PTX3 is involved in the occurrence and development of many non-cancerous diseases, including
COVID-19, and might be a potential
biomarker indicating the prognosis, activity,and severity of diseases. In this review, we summarize and discuss the potential roles of PTX3 in the
oncogenesis and pathogenesis of non-cancerous diseases and potential targeted
therapies based on PTX3.