2'-Fucosyllactose Remits Colitis-Induced Liver Oxygen Stress through the Gut-Liver-Metabolites Axis.

Abstract

Liver oxygen stress is one of the main extraintestinal manifestations of colitis and 5% of cases develop into a further liver injury and metabolic disease. 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), a main member of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), has been found to exert efficient impacts on remitting colitis. However, whether 2′-FL exerts the function to alleviate colitis-induced liver injury and how 2′-FL influences the metabolism via regulating gut microbiota remain unknown. Herein, in our study, liver oxygen stress was measured by measuring liver weight and oxygen-stress-related indicators. Then, 16S full-length sequencing analysis and non-target metabolome in feces were performed to evaluate the overall responses of metabolites and intestinal bacteria after being treated with 2′-FL (400 mg/kg b.w.) in colitis mice. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the liver weight of colitis mice was significantly decreased by 18.30% (p < 0.05). After 2′-FL treatment, the liver weight was significantly increased by 12.65% compared with colitis mice (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, they exhibited higher levels of oxidation in liver tissue with decreasing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (decreased by 17.15%) and glutathione (GSH) levels (dropped by 22.68%) and an increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level (increased by 36.24%), and 2′-FL treatment could reverse those tendencies. Full-length 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that there were 39 species/genera differentially enriched in the control, dextran sulphate sodium (DSS), and DSS + 2′-FL groups. After treatment with 2′-FL, the intestinal metabolic patterns, especially glycometabolism and the lipid-metabolism-related process, in DSS mice were strikingly altered with 33 metabolites significantly down-regulated and 26 metabolites up-regulated. Further analysis found DSS induced a 40.01%, 41.12%, 43.81%, and 39.86% decline in acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colitis mice (all p < 0.05), respectively, while these were up-regulated to different degrees in the DSS + 2′-FL group. By co-analyzing the data of gut microbiota and metabolites, glycometabolism and lipid-metabolism-associated metabolites exhibited strong positive/negative relationships with Akkermansia_muciniphila (all p < 0.01) and Paraprevotella spp. (all p < 0.01), suggesting that the two species might play crucial roles in the process of 2′-FL alleviating colitis-induced liver oxygen stress. In conclusion, in the gut−liver−microbiotas axis, 2′-FL mediated in glucose and lipid-related metabolism and alleviated liver oxygen stress via regulating gut microbiota in the DSS-induced colitis model. The above results provide a new perspective to understand the probiotic function of 2′-FL.

• Authors: Qianqian Yao, Yanan Gao, Linlin Fan, Jiaqi Wang, Nan Zheng
• Journal: Nutrients (Nutrients) Vol. 14 Issue 19 (Oct 08 2022) ISSN: 2072-6643 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 36235838 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Antioxidants
• Butyrates
• Fatty Acids, Volatile
• Propionates
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
• Trisaccharides
• Malondialdehyde
• Dextran Sulfate
• Glutathione
• Glucose
• Oxygen
• 2'-fucosyllactose

Topics

• Animals
• Antioxidants (metabolism)
• Butyrates (metabolism)
• Colitis (chemically induced, drug therapy, metabolism)
• Colon (metabolism)
• Dextran Sulfate (adverse effects)
• Disease Models, Animal
• Fatty Acids, Volatile (metabolism)
• Glucose (metabolism)
• Glutathione (metabolism)
• Humans
• Liver (metabolism)
• Malondialdehyde (metabolism)
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Oxygen (metabolism)
• Propionates (metabolism)
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S (genetics)
• Trisaccharides