Protozoa, helminths and ectoparasites are the major groups of parasites distributed worldwide. Currently, these parasites are treated with chemotherapeutic antiprotozoal drugs, anti-helminthic and anti-ectoparasitic agents, but, with the passage of time, resistance to these drugs has developed due to overuse. In this scenario, nanoparticles are proving to be a major breakthrough in the treatment and control of
parasitic diseases. In the last decade, there has been enormous development in the field of nanomedicine for parasitic control.
Gold and
silver nanoparticles have shown promising results in the treatments of various types of
parasitic infections. These nanoparticles are synthesized through the use of various conventional and molecular technologies and have shown great efficacy. They work in different ways, that include damaging the parasite membrane,
DNA (
Deoxyribonucleic acid) disruption,
protein synthesis inhibition and
free-radical formation. These agents are effective against intracellular parasites as well. Other nanoparticles, such as
iron,
nickel,
zinc and
platinum, have also shown good results in the treatment and control of
parasitic infections. It is hoped that this research subject will become the future of modern
drug development. This review summarizes the methods that are used to synthesize nanoparticles and their possible mechanisms of action against parasites.