Over-activation of NMDA receptors promotes ABCA1 degradation and foam cell formation.

Abstract

ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is an essential regulator of intracellular cholesterol efflux. Secreted cholesterol binds to lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in peripheral blood to constitute high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) complexes. ABCA1 protein on the surface of macrophages acts as a crucial controller in preventing cholesterol accumulation. Importantly, ABCA1 is unstable and easily degraded via a series of biochemical activities, including but not limited to calpain-mediated and ubiquitin-proteasome system-mediated processes. How accelerated ABCA1 degradation impacts disordered lipid metabolism in macrophages and foam cell formation is unclear. N-methyl d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors with high calcium permeability. Calcium influx via NMDARs activates downstream signaling pathways. Over-activation of NMDARs stimulated by NMDA contributes to dysfunctional lipid metabolism in macrophages and foam cell formation via promotion of calpain-mediated ABCA1 proteolysis. However, increased NMDAR activity does not affect liver X receptor expression or ABCA1 mRNA levels. Following NMDA receptor silencing or calpain inhibition, NMDA treatment did not reduce ABCA1 protein levels, nor caused lipid accumulation in macrophages. In addition, NMDAR over-activation activates NF-κB signaling to promote IL-1β and IL-6 macrophage marker expression. However, NMDAR silencing and calpain inhibition reduce inflammatory macrophage responses. In summary, our study suggests that NMDAR activation reduces surface ABCA1 protein, promotes lipid accumulation, and induces the production and secretion of many inflammatory mediators in macrophages, possibly through enhanced calpain-mediated ABCA1 protein degradation. Thus, the NMDAR receptor may be a novel pharmacologic target for atherosclerosis therapy.

• Authors: Haipeng Cheng, Qingmei Cheng, Xingwen Bao, Yongyu Luo, Yan Zhou, Yanghang Li, Qingzhong Hua, Wei Liu, Siyuan Tang, Dandan Feng, Ziqiang Luo
• Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids (Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids) Vol. 1865 Issue 10 Pg. 158778 (10 2020) ISSN: 1879-2618 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 32745694 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1
• Apolipoprotein A-I
• Cholesterol, HDL
• Liver X Receptors
• NF-kappa B
• Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
• N-Methylaspartate
• Calpain
• Calcium

Topics

• ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 (genetics)
• Apolipoprotein A-I (genetics)
• Atherosclerosis (genetics, metabolism, pathology)
• Biological Transport (genetics)
• Calcium (metabolism)
• Calpain (antagonists & inhibitors)
• Cholesterol, HDL (genetics, metabolism)
• Foam Cells (metabolism)
• Gene Expression Regulation (genetics)
• Humans
• Lipid Metabolism (genetics)
• Liver X Receptors (genetics, metabolism)
• Macrophages (metabolism)
• N-Methylaspartate (genetics, metabolism)
• NF-kappa B (genetics)
• Proteolysis
• Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (genetics, metabolism)