Pharmacogenetic Testing for Prevention of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions.

Abstract

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), are idiosyncratic and unpredictable drug-hypersensitivity reactions with a high-mortality rate ranging from 10% to over 30%, thus causing a major burden on the healthcare system. Recent pharmacogenomic studies have revealed strong associations between SCAR and the genes encoding human-leukocyte antigens (HLAs) or drug-metabolizing enzymes. Some of pharmacogenetic markers have been successfully applied in clinical practice to protect patients from SCAR, such as HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-A*31:01 for new users of carbamazepine, HLA-B*58:01 for allopurinol, and HLA-B*57:01 for abacavir. This article aims to update the current knowledge in the field of pharmacogenomics of drug hypersensitivities or SCAR, and its implementation in the clinical practice.

• Authors: Chih-Jung Chang, Chun-Bing Chen, Shuen-Iu Hung, Chao Ji, Wen-Hung Chung
• Journal: Frontiers in pharmacology (Front Pharmacol) Vol. 11 Pg. 969 ( 2020) ISSN: 1663-9812 [Print] Switzerland
• PMID: 32714190 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Chang, Chen, Hung, Ji and Chung.