Exanthema (Rash)

Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.

Also Known As:

Networked: 6431 relevant articles (261 outcomes, 382 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Fever (Fevers)
2.	Diarrhea
3.	Nausea
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Arthritis (Polyarthritis)

Experts

1.	Lacouture, Mario E: 26 articles (07/2015 - 12/2003)
2.	Pazdur, Richard: 18 articles (03/2015 - 10/2002)
3.	Zhang, Li: 14 articles (08/2015 - 05/2004)
4.	Saif, Muhammad Wasif: 13 articles (06/2010 - 09/2006)
5.	Justice, Robert: 10 articles (03/2015 - 10/2008)
6.	Wu, Shenhong: 10 articles (01/2015 - 01/2009)
7.	Cohen, Martin H: 10 articles (01/2013 - 01/2003)
8.	Jatoi, Aminah: 10 articles (11/2011 - 07/2006)
9.	Hutson, Thomas E: 9 articles (12/2013 - 01/2007)
10.	Sridhara, Rajeshwari: 9 articles (01/2010 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Exanthema:

1.	erlotinib (CP 358,774)FDA Link 01/01/2015 - "Most rash cases were mild, occurred within 1 month of erlotinib treatment, and rapidly improved without the need for erlotinib dose alterations." 02/01/2014 - "No subgroup could be identified with improved effect of erlotinib, based on IHC or FISH for EGFR, or mutations in genes related to the EGFR pathway, or on rash during erlotinib therapy. " 01/01/2014 - "The development of a rash has been retrospectively associated with increased response and improved survival when treated with erlotinib at the standard dose of 150 mg per day. " 05/01/2008 - "A panel of Italian oncologists, who had participated to clinical trials and to the Expanded Access Program for erlotinib in NSCLC treatment, and dermatologists with experience with cutaneous toxicity from EGFR inhibitors, attended a Meeting held in Rome on December 2006 to discuss skin rash from erlotinib and to provide suggestions for managing this frequent side-effect." 03/01/2008 - "The findings may be of use both in designing trials targeting a particular severity of rash and in considering dose and schedule modifications in patients experiencing dose-limiting toxicities of erlotinib or similarly targeted agents. "
2.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 01/01/2015 - "Administration of ≥1.5 mg of corticosteroids on day 2 and day 3 significantly reduced the severity of the rash compared to no supplementary treatment (grades 2/3, 13.3% vs. 33.3%, p<0.05). " 01/01/2015 - "On admission, the patient received corticosteroids with improvement in her rash. " 06/01/2009 - "The patient previously received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressors, and corticosteroids over a four-year period while suffering the idiosyncratic drug side effects from long-term therapy without improvement in joint function or rash resolution. " 02/01/1997 - "We therefore evaluated the efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of EMM in a prospective study of 16 children with EMM admitted to our department within 3 days from the onset of rash. " 12/01/2015 - "Treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib was stopped and corticosteroids were initiated, with a rapid beneficial effect on both the kidney function and skin rash. "
3.	cetuximab (Erbitux)FDA Link 02/01/2015 - "Our meta-analysis has demonstrated that cetuximab-induced rash is associated with a significantly improved OS, PFS and ORR. " 01/01/2010 - "Additionally, for the patients treated with cetuximab, overall survival was significantly improved in those who experienced an acneiform rash of at least grade 2 severity compared with patients with no rash or grade 1 rash (HR 0.49, 0.34-0.72; p=0.002). " 11/15/2007 - "Cetuximab treatment was associated with a characteristic rash; a rash of grade 2 or higher was strongly associated with improved survival (hazard ratio for death, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.50; P<0.001). " 01/01/2010 - "Rash conclusions from a phase 3 study of cetuximab?" 01/01/2010 - "In this study, we analyzed whether cetuximab-induced skin rash was correlated with distinct polymorphisms within the EGFR gene known to modulate EGFR expression, ligand binding, or signaling activity. "
4.	gefitinib (Iressa)FDA Link 11/12/2009 - "Gefitinib was a generally well tolerated treatment, with rash and diarrhoea being the most common treatment-emergent adverse events. " 06/01/2015 - "It is of note that patients with skin rash of any grade had improved PFS with gefitinib as compared with patients experiencing no skin rash (median PFS: 3.0 vs. 1.7 months, P = 0.004). " 07/01/2012 - "Thus it can be concluded that occurrence of skin rash and female gender were associated with improved survival with gefitinib for recurrent NSCLC patients." 05/01/2005 - "Occurrence of skin rash and baseline PS of 0/1 were associated with improved survival with gefitinib for recurrent NSCLC patients at our institution." 01/01/2014 - "The aim of the study reported here was to test the effect of Evozac Calming Skin Spray on the prevention of rash in patients receiving gefitinib. "
5.	Acyclovir (Aciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2000 - "The herpetic rash responded well to treatment with high-dose oral acyclovir. " 03/01/1983 - "Acyclovir significantly improved rash development, as evidenced by reducing the time of new lesion formation and the times to vesicle collapse and full crusting. " 02/01/1997 - "It is as effective as aciclovir in hastening rash healing. " 01/01/2014 - "For our primary outcome, based on three trials (609 participants) we found no significant difference between the aciclovir and control groups in the incidence of PHN four months after the onset of the acute herpetic rash (risk ratio (RR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 1.11), nor was there a significant difference at six months (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.27, two trials, 476 participants). " 10/01/2001 - "Subjects whose rash was >24 to 48 h old were randomized to receive 5 days of acyclovir treatment beginning on the first (Group B1) or second study day (Group B2). "
6.	SteroidsIBA 10/01/1992 - "After discontinuation of the drug and treatment with steroids the pulmonary infiltrates and rash resolved completely. " 01/01/2015 - "Rash improved and steroids were tapered off. " 12/01/2011 - "A diffuse skin rash was also seen in four treated patients and responded well to treatment with steroids. " 12/01/2014 - "Twenty-one patients (26.3%) had applied topical steroids to treat a rash. " 05/01/2013 - "In case of a skin rash with the differential diagnosis of drug reaction, only 12 centers (35%) perform a skin biopsy up front, whereas 19 do so after failure of systemic steroids. "
7.	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGF Receptor)IBA 04/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to investigate pharmacogenetic determinants of skin rash associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor treatment. " 10/01/2012 - "Development of a skin rash under treatment with EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitors (EGFRIs) has been linked to a favorable prognosis in some studies, suggesting a possible immunological role for EGFRIs in addition to direct antagonistic downstream effects. " 11/01/2011 - "A qualitative study of the ramifications of rash from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors." 02/01/2011 - "Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor-induced rash: a consecutive patient series that illustrates the need for rigorous palliative trials." 10/01/2009 - "Clinical trials addressing the acneiform rash associated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are lacking. "
8.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1995 - "The two groups had similar itch scores at enrollment (prednisone, 8.1 +/- 1.7; placebo, 7.4 +/- 2.1, P = .25 [ANOVA]), but at 2- and 5-day follow-up the prednisone group had significantly lower itch scores (1.3 +/- 1.3 and .0 +/- .0 versus 4.4 +/- 2.2 and 1.6 +/- 1.0, respectively; P < .0001 [ANCOVA] at each interval) and greater clinical improvement in rash. " 12/01/1989 - "Significant improvement was noted at 3 months of therapy in rash (p less than 0.0001), proximal (p = 0.0004) and abdominal muscle strength (p = 0.0001) and at 6 months of therapy in reduced prednisone dosage (p less than 0.02). " 06/01/2015 - "Those with grade IIb or higher manifestations (rash involving ≥50% of the body surface, stool volumes ≥1.0 L/day or hepatic involvement; n=62) were randomized to start treatment with prednisone at 2 mg/kg/day or 1 mg/kg/day. " 06/01/2015 - "Patients with grade IIa manifestations (upper gastrointestinal symptoms, stool volumes <1.0 L/day, rash involving <50% of the body surface, no hepatic dysfunction; n=102) were randomized to start treatment with prednisone at 1 mg/kg/day or 0.5 mg/kg/day. " 07/01/2012 - "Preventive prednisone should be prescribed to patients who develop an urticarial rash on the test area."
9.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2000 - "As the clinical picture of the patient's rheumatological condition became progressively severe, prednisolone therapy was initiated 8 days later and the skin rash resolved completely in a couple of weeks." 02/01/2008 - "The rash initially cleared following a short course of oral prednisolone at 25 mg daily for 3 weeks, which was weaned over the subsequent 4 weeks. " 10/01/2000 - "Eight who took prednisolone first and remained on it or transferred to it from placebo all improved, with the itch settling fully within a mean 2.8 days of starting the prednisolone and the rash clearing by 4.2. " 05/01/1997 - "Following treatment with oral prednisolone her clinical condition has improved, although she has a persistently raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and florid facial rash. " 10/01/2000 - "The study was double-blind placebo-controlled, all patients being given both prednisolone and placebo, but randomized to take either one or the other from the earliest sign of onset of rash; if within 48 h there was no improvement, they transferred to the other medication. "
10.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2003 - "All patients, 1 with systemic LE and a malar rash, 1 with annular subacute cutaneous LE, the other with a papular variant of subacute cutaneous LE, experienced significant improvement following application of tacrolimus ointment. " 02/01/2003 - "Although the study is preliminary, the results demonstrate that topical tacrolimus may be useful for treating the malar rash of SLE." 03/01/2007 - "At the end of antibiotic and antiviral therapy, the vesicular-pustular rash recurred while the goal was receiving treatment once more with tacrolimus ointment 0.1%. " 09/01/2005 - "Alcohol-induced rash caused by topical tacrolimus." 02/01/2003 - "Efficacy of topical tacrolimus for treating the malar rash of systemic lupus erythematosus."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/2005 - "These include the development of appropriate predictive markers for response, such as improved tests for EGFR activity, correlation of rash with response and potential pharmacogenomic approaches; the sequencing and combination of these agents with chemotherapy and irradiation; and the possible role of these agents in the treatment of patients with earlier stage disease." 05/01/1984 - "Chemotherapy resulted in clearance of the rash. " 05/01/2015 - "The skin rash of patient subsided with chemotherapy. " 12/01/2014 - "Acute rash on sun-exposed area during chemotherapy." 05/01/2014 - "Multivariate analysis showed that current or ever-smoker, wild style of EGFR status, progression after prior chemotherapy, absence of skin rash, elevated serum LDH level, and TPS≥80 U/L were independent adverse prognostic factors for PFS. "
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 05/27/2014 - "The proportion of male and female was 1.5: 1. Temperature, herpes of mouth and skin rash were observed before and after treatments. " 03/01/2014 - "Most skin toxicities are benign, mainly presenting as a diffuse rash and occurring shortly after treatment. " 01/01/2013 - "Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by rash status from a landmark of 42 days after treatment initiation. " 07/01/2012 - "We identified 36 patients who developed a severe, itchy, persistent hive rash on the treated area 6-72 hours after treatment. " 06/01/2002 - "The clinical trial was completed for all patients except for 1 who showed deterioration of pre-existing skin rash during treatment, which disappeared within 2 weeks after treatment was discontinued. "
3.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 11/01/2007 - "As to the JDM child, the skin rash had disappeared and his muscle tone was improved to grade 5 within one month after the transplantation. " 01/01/1988 - "Immunohistological and morphometric techniques were used to study the skin after marrow transplantation with particular reference to the relationship of marrow purging, the presence of a clinical rash and histological changes to leucocyte numbers and phenotype. " 07/01/2015 - "Histopathologic features of aGVHD and non-aGVHD skin rash in TCD PBSCT patients were compared to each other, and also to features recently reported for non-TCD transplant recipients. " 08/06/2014 - "Malar rash in a stem cell transplant recipient." 01/01/2013 - "An interesting rash following bowel and abdominal wall transplantation."
4.	Stents 02/01/2011 - "It is important to distinguish this from other causes of rash occurring in patients who have had a recent coronary stent. " 11/01/2013 - "His symptoms of severe itch and generalized rash resolved within days following stent explantation and reconstruction with a vein graft. " 02/01/1999 - "However, published studies of patients receiving the drug to prevent subacute thrombosis after intracoronary stent placement report a frequency of rash ranging from 0.8-1.6%. " 03/01/2007 - "Case report on clopidogrel rash after coronary placement of a paclitaxol-coated stent." 02/01/1999 - "Rash in patients receiving ticlopidine after intracoronary stent placement."
5.	Intravenous Infusions 04/01/2012 - "The treatment was well tolerated although he developed a temporary psoriasiform rash after the second intravenous infusion. " 08/01/2000 - "Abrupt general exanthema was observed when intravenous infusion was started. " 11/01/1989 - "Adverse effects were generally mild and reversible and included diarrhea alone or with vomiting (5.1%), irritation of intravenous infusion site (3.3%) and rash (2.2%). " 01/01/1985 - "Consequently, the most frequent side effects, such as skin rash and pruritus after dermal application, intravascular hemolysis after intravenous infusion and gastrointestinal discomfort after oral administration, can be avoided in large part by employing more dilute solutions. " 01/01/1998 - "The patient was treated with an intravenous infusion of cimetidine with prompt resolution of a diffuse, well demarcated, erythematous, pruritic rash. "