Fibromyalgia is a refractory syndrome characterized by chronic wayward
pain and complex co-morbid psychological trepidation. The current treatments have a limited role and proper clinical benefits are far from satisfactory. Naturally occurring
coumarins such as
osthole are known to have
analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the current investigation was designed to explore the potential of natural
coumarin esculetin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) in mitigating
reserpine-induced
fibromyalgia in Swiss albino mice.
Esculetin is a 6,7 dihydroxy-
coumarin obtained from various plant sources such as Aesculus hippocastanum L, Ceratostigma willmottianum, Citrus limonia, etc.
Reserpine (0.5 mg/kg/day s.c.) treatment for first 3 days, significantly altered the behavior of mice as evidenced by reduced paw withdrawal threshold in pressure application measurement (PAM) test and electronic von-Frey (eVF) test, increased immobility time in forced swim test (FST), increased latency to reach the platform in Morris water maze (MWM) test and reduced number of square crossed in the open field test (OFT). These behavioral deficits with
reserpine treatment were integrated with a reduced level of
serotonin (5-HT),
reduced glutathione (GSH), along with an increase in
monoamine oxidase-A (
MAO-A) activity, pro-inflammatory
cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α),
thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (
TBARS) and
glutamate level.
Esculetin (10 mg/kg/day i.p) treatment for 5 days, significantly abrogated
reserpine induced behavioral and biochemical alterations. Whereas, no significant improvement was observed with lower doses of
esculetin i.e. 2.5 and 5 mg/kg.